Volume 16, Issue 2 (6-2024)
J Crop Breed 2024, 16(2): 80-92 |
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Alavi-Siney S M, Yoneszadeh R, Abasi A, Aien A, Fanaei H. (2024). The Stability of Seed Yield in Cumin Ecotypes in Different Planting Dates Using Multivariate Methods. J Crop Breed. 16(2), 80-92. doi:10.61186/jcb.16.2.80
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1521-en.html
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1521-en.html
The Stability of Seed Yield in Cumin Ecotypes in Different Planting Dates Using Multivariate Methods
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
Abstract: (501 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an aromatic, annual herbaceous plant from the Apiaceae family. Cumin is one of the tolerant medicinal plants to water deficit conditions with a short growth period, which can produce acceptable and economic yield under water deficit conditions. This plant is currently the second most used spice in the world after pepper (Pepper nigrum), suggesting its high importance. This experiment aimed to evaluate ecotypes, planting dates, and relationships between ecotypes and planting dates and to identify high-yield cumin stable ecotypes using AMMI and GGE bi-plot methods.
Methods: The stability of the grain yield of seven cumin ecotypes (Bardascan, Birjand, Taibad, Davarzan, Ferdos, Salehabad, and Nehbandan) was investigated in an experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in four planting dates (November 6, December 6, January 5, and February 5) at the research farm of the Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during 2020-2021 crop year. The seeds were planted by hand on the rows at a depth of 1 cm with a distance of 5 cm from each other. The distance between the rows was 20 cm. Seeds were irrigated with the drip method, and weeds were controlled by hand. The plants were harvested after physiological maturity, and the grains were separated from other organs and recorded as the grain yield of each plot. The yield stability of the ecotypes was analyzed using the AMMI model, and the first and second interaction components of AMMI (IPCA1 & IPCA2) were used as stability parameters for the ecotypes and the planting dates (environments). The GGE bi-plot method was used to analyze the obtained data, interpret the ecotype and planting date interaction, and determine mega-environments.
Results: The results of compound variance analysis showed significant effects of the environment (planting date), ecotype, and the interaction of planting date × ecotype. Due to the significance of the environmental effect and the justification of 80% of the variation by this effect, as well as the significance of the planting date × ecotype, stability analysis of grain yield was conducted for ecotypes in different planting dates. The results of AMMI analysis showed that the two components, IPCA1 (AMMI 1) and IPCA2 (AMMI 2), included 93.56% of the total variance of the genotype × environment interaction. The AMMI stability value (ASV) was used for the simultaneous use of all components. The ASV statistic indicated that the Nehbandan ecotype with the lowest value (1.91) was the most stable ecotype, and the Ferdos and Salehabad ecotypes with the highest ASV value were the most unstable ecotypes. The results of the GGE biplot method revealed that the first and second principal components accounted for 93% of the total variation related to the ecotype and planting date interaction, which indicated the validity of the GGE-biplot analysis. Based on GGE biplot results, planting dates of November 6 and December 6 were in the same megaenvironment and produced the highest grain yield. Similarly, the two planting dates of January 5 and February 5 were in the same megaenvironment and produced the lowest grain yield. The graphs showed that the Ferdos ecotype had high special adaptability with the planting dates of November 6 and December 6, and the Birjand and Davarzen ecotypes had high special adaptability with the planting dates of January 5 and February 5. The Taibad, Salehabad, and Nehbandan ecotypes had no special compatibility with the studied planting dates. Ferdos and Birjand ecotypes had a higher average grain yield than the other ecotypes, but they were placed in the group of ecotypes with low stability due to their distance from the AEC line. The Nehbandan was the most stable ecotype due to its adjacency to the AEC line, but it produced a low grain yield. In addition, the results of the GGE bi-plot showed that the Birjand was the closest ecotype to the ideal genotype hence it was considered the most desirable ecotype. Bardascan, Ferdos, and Daverzan ecotypes were the ecotypes in the next ranks in terms of desirability, and Salehabad and Taibad ecotypes were identified as undesirable ecotypes due to their greatest distance from the ideal genotype.
Conclusion: The results of compound variance analysis showed significant effects of the environment (planting date), ecotype, and the planting date × ecotype interaction effect. The biplot results of AMMI analysis showed that the Nehbandan ecotype was the most stable and Ferdos and Salehabad ecotypes were the most unstable ecotypes. This was also confirmed through the ASV. The results of the GGE bi-plot indicated that the planting dates of November 6 December 6 with the highest average grain yields were located in a mega-environment, and the two January 5 and February 5 planting dates, with the lowest average grain yields, were also located in the same mega-environment. This can indicate the determination of the time range of the planting date to obtain an acceptable yield, although the yield decreased with a delay in planting. Finally, the figure showed that the Nehbandan was the most stable ecotype with below the average yield, and Birjand was the most ideal ecotype. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Birjand ecotype cultivation not only produces a high yield but also has high relative stability.
Background: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an aromatic, annual herbaceous plant from the Apiaceae family. Cumin is one of the tolerant medicinal plants to water deficit conditions with a short growth period, which can produce acceptable and economic yield under water deficit conditions. This plant is currently the second most used spice in the world after pepper (Pepper nigrum), suggesting its high importance. This experiment aimed to evaluate ecotypes, planting dates, and relationships between ecotypes and planting dates and to identify high-yield cumin stable ecotypes using AMMI and GGE bi-plot methods.
Methods: The stability of the grain yield of seven cumin ecotypes (Bardascan, Birjand, Taibad, Davarzan, Ferdos, Salehabad, and Nehbandan) was investigated in an experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in four planting dates (November 6, December 6, January 5, and February 5) at the research farm of the Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during 2020-2021 crop year. The seeds were planted by hand on the rows at a depth of 1 cm with a distance of 5 cm from each other. The distance between the rows was 20 cm. Seeds were irrigated with the drip method, and weeds were controlled by hand. The plants were harvested after physiological maturity, and the grains were separated from other organs and recorded as the grain yield of each plot. The yield stability of the ecotypes was analyzed using the AMMI model, and the first and second interaction components of AMMI (IPCA1 & IPCA2) were used as stability parameters for the ecotypes and the planting dates (environments). The GGE bi-plot method was used to analyze the obtained data, interpret the ecotype and planting date interaction, and determine mega-environments.
Results: The results of compound variance analysis showed significant effects of the environment (planting date), ecotype, and the interaction of planting date × ecotype. Due to the significance of the environmental effect and the justification of 80% of the variation by this effect, as well as the significance of the planting date × ecotype, stability analysis of grain yield was conducted for ecotypes in different planting dates. The results of AMMI analysis showed that the two components, IPCA1 (AMMI 1) and IPCA2 (AMMI 2), included 93.56% of the total variance of the genotype × environment interaction. The AMMI stability value (ASV) was used for the simultaneous use of all components. The ASV statistic indicated that the Nehbandan ecotype with the lowest value (1.91) was the most stable ecotype, and the Ferdos and Salehabad ecotypes with the highest ASV value were the most unstable ecotypes. The results of the GGE biplot method revealed that the first and second principal components accounted for 93% of the total variation related to the ecotype and planting date interaction, which indicated the validity of the GGE-biplot analysis. Based on GGE biplot results, planting dates of November 6 and December 6 were in the same megaenvironment and produced the highest grain yield. Similarly, the two planting dates of January 5 and February 5 were in the same megaenvironment and produced the lowest grain yield. The graphs showed that the Ferdos ecotype had high special adaptability with the planting dates of November 6 and December 6, and the Birjand and Davarzen ecotypes had high special adaptability with the planting dates of January 5 and February 5. The Taibad, Salehabad, and Nehbandan ecotypes had no special compatibility with the studied planting dates. Ferdos and Birjand ecotypes had a higher average grain yield than the other ecotypes, but they were placed in the group of ecotypes with low stability due to their distance from the AEC line. The Nehbandan was the most stable ecotype due to its adjacency to the AEC line, but it produced a low grain yield. In addition, the results of the GGE bi-plot showed that the Birjand was the closest ecotype to the ideal genotype hence it was considered the most desirable ecotype. Bardascan, Ferdos, and Daverzan ecotypes were the ecotypes in the next ranks in terms of desirability, and Salehabad and Taibad ecotypes were identified as undesirable ecotypes due to their greatest distance from the ideal genotype.
Conclusion: The results of compound variance analysis showed significant effects of the environment (planting date), ecotype, and the planting date × ecotype interaction effect. The biplot results of AMMI analysis showed that the Nehbandan ecotype was the most stable and Ferdos and Salehabad ecotypes were the most unstable ecotypes. This was also confirmed through the ASV. The results of the GGE bi-plot indicated that the planting dates of November 6 December 6 with the highest average grain yields were located in a mega-environment, and the two January 5 and February 5 planting dates, with the lowest average grain yields, were also located in the same mega-environment. This can indicate the determination of the time range of the planting date to obtain an acceptable yield, although the yield decreased with a delay in planting. Finally, the figure showed that the Nehbandan was the most stable ecotype with below the average yield, and Birjand was the most ideal ecotype. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Birjand ecotype cultivation not only produces a high yield but also has high relative stability.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2023/12/7 | Revised: 2024/07/8 | Accepted: 2024/02/12 | Published: 2024/07/2
Received: 2023/12/7 | Revised: 2024/07/8 | Accepted: 2024/02/12 | Published: 2024/07/2
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