Volume 17, Issue 3 (9-2025)
J Crop Breed 2025, 17(3): 112-123 |
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Ghanbari A A, Gholami M, Ahmadi M. (2025). Selection of Promising Pachbaghela lines in Guilan Province using Sustainability Methods. J Crop Breed. 17(3), 112-123. doi:10.61882/jcb.2024.1596
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1596-en.html
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1596-en.html
1- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Abstract: (464 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: The Pachbaghela (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the popular and the most widely consumed beans in Guilan Province. The growth period of this crop is short, about 60-70 days, and it can be cultivated in spring and summer. The annual cultivation area of Pachbaghela is
10-20,000 hectares, about 40% of which is related to spring cultivation. The time of harvesting and consumption of Pachbaghela is at the stage of maximum growth of immature and discolored pods, which occur before drying pods. This plant resembles pinto beans but is longer. Pachbaghela has long been used in the food culture of northern Iran, including the famous baghali ghatogh stew. Currently, farmers are utilizing the Pachbaghela landrace, which offers limited yield, non-uniform crop production, and has created challenges in cultivating this plant. Three types of these landraces are different from other landraces, which are Black, Red, and Brown striped Beans in order of importance. Therefore, it seems essential to introduce lines with optimal yield and high market appeal. Accordingly, aiming at selecting a promising high-yielding line with appropriate stability, nine selected Patch Bean lines from the preliminary tests of the performance evaluation of the breeding programs of this plant were evaluated along with the local control landrace.
Methods: This experiment was carried out in three regions of Guilan Province (Rasht, Lahijan, and Shanderman) with nine Pachbaghela lines (G1-G9), along with the Kuchsafhan landrace (G10), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the spring of 2 years (2016 and 2018). The seeds of the lines were planted in late April. It is worth mentioning that these lines were selected from native populations of various regions in Guilan Province and showed superior yields in preliminary evaluations of Pachbaghela yield. The results related to the fresh weight of pods in each line of the three regions were subjected to the combined analysis of variance. Before the composite analysis, the normality of the data and the homogeneity of the variance of the experimental errors were tested using the Bartlett test by SAS software. The AMMI method was performed by GenStat 12.0 software and PBTools version 2013. Furthermore, 16 stability methods, including S (1-6): Nassar and Hahn stability statistics, NP(1-4): Tanazero stability statistics, Wᵢ²: Rick's equivalent, σ²ᵢ: stability variance Shukla, bi: regression coefficient, S²dᵢ: deviation from the regression line, CV: coefficient changes, θ(i): interaction variance Genotype and environment, θᵢ: average plastid variance, and KR: total Kang rank were calculated with STABILITYSOFT software. The means and standard deviations of the stability statistics rating for each of the lines were obtained using EXCEL software. A three-dimensional graph of the average performance and stability statistical rating, along with their standard deviations, were calculated afterward.
Results: This research revealed significant genetic diversity in fresh pod yield among the investigated lines. The results indicated that the effect of genotype, interactions of year × location, location × genotype, and year × location × genotype were significant on the fresh pod yield, suggesting that yield responses varied across locations and that environments affected the lines differently. The average comparison over 2 years in three regions demonstrated that the G9, G3, and G6 lines gained the highest fresh pod yields. Additionally, the G9 and G7 lines exhibited the highest number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, while the G9 line showed the longest pod length. The results of the AMMI's analysis of variance demonstrated that the effects of genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment were significant at the 1% probability level. Notably, the first two components accounted for 81.1% of the variation in the genotype-environment interaction, with the first component explaining 66.2% and the second component contributing an additional 14.9% to the observed changes. According to the AMMI biplot analysis, G4, G7, G6, and G5 were the closest lines to the biplot's center, suggesting that they experienced the least environmental changes and can be considered the most stable lines of Patchbaghela. Additionally, lines G8, G9, and G3, located at the top of the polygon, exhibited good specific adaptability to the Rasht, Lahijan, and Shanderman regions. Consequently, these lines can be identified as the selected genotypes for the studied locations. A study conducted on 16 stability statistics revealed varying results; as a result, the average and standard deviation of the statistics' rank were utilized to select the best lines in terms of overall statistical performance and optimal yield. Lines with the lowest sum of statistics rank (SR) and average statistics rank (AR), along with the highest yield, were chosen as stable lines. Consequently, G6, G7, and G8 were recognized as stable and superior lines based on these criteria.
Conclusion: Considering the agronomic characteristics and the results obtained from statistical methods, G7 and G6 were selected as highly stable Pachbaghela lines.
Background: The Pachbaghela (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the popular and the most widely consumed beans in Guilan Province. The growth period of this crop is short, about 60-70 days, and it can be cultivated in spring and summer. The annual cultivation area of Pachbaghela is
10-20,000 hectares, about 40% of which is related to spring cultivation. The time of harvesting and consumption of Pachbaghela is at the stage of maximum growth of immature and discolored pods, which occur before drying pods. This plant resembles pinto beans but is longer. Pachbaghela has long been used in the food culture of northern Iran, including the famous baghali ghatogh stew. Currently, farmers are utilizing the Pachbaghela landrace, which offers limited yield, non-uniform crop production, and has created challenges in cultivating this plant. Three types of these landraces are different from other landraces, which are Black, Red, and Brown striped Beans in order of importance. Therefore, it seems essential to introduce lines with optimal yield and high market appeal. Accordingly, aiming at selecting a promising high-yielding line with appropriate stability, nine selected Patch Bean lines from the preliminary tests of the performance evaluation of the breeding programs of this plant were evaluated along with the local control landrace.
Methods: This experiment was carried out in three regions of Guilan Province (Rasht, Lahijan, and Shanderman) with nine Pachbaghela lines (G1-G9), along with the Kuchsafhan landrace (G10), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the spring of 2 years (2016 and 2018). The seeds of the lines were planted in late April. It is worth mentioning that these lines were selected from native populations of various regions in Guilan Province and showed superior yields in preliminary evaluations of Pachbaghela yield. The results related to the fresh weight of pods in each line of the three regions were subjected to the combined analysis of variance. Before the composite analysis, the normality of the data and the homogeneity of the variance of the experimental errors were tested using the Bartlett test by SAS software. The AMMI method was performed by GenStat 12.0 software and PBTools version 2013. Furthermore, 16 stability methods, including S (1-6): Nassar and Hahn stability statistics, NP(1-4): Tanazero stability statistics, Wᵢ²: Rick's equivalent, σ²ᵢ: stability variance Shukla, bi: regression coefficient, S²dᵢ: deviation from the regression line, CV: coefficient changes, θ(i): interaction variance Genotype and environment, θᵢ: average plastid variance, and KR: total Kang rank were calculated with STABILITYSOFT software. The means and standard deviations of the stability statistics rating for each of the lines were obtained using EXCEL software. A three-dimensional graph of the average performance and stability statistical rating, along with their standard deviations, were calculated afterward.
Results: This research revealed significant genetic diversity in fresh pod yield among the investigated lines. The results indicated that the effect of genotype, interactions of year × location, location × genotype, and year × location × genotype were significant on the fresh pod yield, suggesting that yield responses varied across locations and that environments affected the lines differently. The average comparison over 2 years in three regions demonstrated that the G9, G3, and G6 lines gained the highest fresh pod yields. Additionally, the G9 and G7 lines exhibited the highest number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, while the G9 line showed the longest pod length. The results of the AMMI's analysis of variance demonstrated that the effects of genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment were significant at the 1% probability level. Notably, the first two components accounted for 81.1% of the variation in the genotype-environment interaction, with the first component explaining 66.2% and the second component contributing an additional 14.9% to the observed changes. According to the AMMI biplot analysis, G4, G7, G6, and G5 were the closest lines to the biplot's center, suggesting that they experienced the least environmental changes and can be considered the most stable lines of Patchbaghela. Additionally, lines G8, G9, and G3, located at the top of the polygon, exhibited good specific adaptability to the Rasht, Lahijan, and Shanderman regions. Consequently, these lines can be identified as the selected genotypes for the studied locations. A study conducted on 16 stability statistics revealed varying results; as a result, the average and standard deviation of the statistics' rank were utilized to select the best lines in terms of overall statistical performance and optimal yield. Lines with the lowest sum of statistics rank (SR) and average statistics rank (AR), along with the highest yield, were chosen as stable lines. Consequently, G6, G7, and G8 were recognized as stable and superior lines based on these criteria.
Conclusion: Considering the agronomic characteristics and the results obtained from statistical methods, G7 and G6 were selected as highly stable Pachbaghela lines.
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