Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2025)
J Crop Breed 2025, 17(2): 128-139 |
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Mohseni Hajiabadi A, Arminian A, Rezaizad A, Saed Moucheshi A. (2025). A Study on the Combinability, Heterosis, and Gene Function of Some Traits of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Using the Diallel Method. J Crop Breed. 17(2), 128-139. doi:10.61882/jcb.2024.1561
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1561-en.html
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1561-en.html
1- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2- Department of Crops and Horticultural Science Research, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran
2- Department of Crops and Horticultural Science Research, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran
Abstract: (720 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: As one of the most important oilseed crops all over the world, increasing the seed oil content of canola, along with higher genotypic and phenotypic potential of its yield, is among the significant goals of this crop for achieving large-scale production in different countries. The basis of plant breeding programs is diversity, and the success rate of such programs depends on the presence of genetic variability for screening and selection. The current study aimed to estimate heritability and the degree of heterosis of different traits in canola compared to the superior parent, and to assess the responses of these traits to hybrid lines. In addition, the best general and specific combining ability in parental lines with the highest heterosis and heritability were investigated using the full diallel cross method in spring canola.
Methods: Seven canola cultivars were subjected to a full cross diallel (forward and backward crosses + parental lines) in 2020-2021. The first-generation (F1) hybrids with their parental lines (49 genotypes in total) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2021-2022. The studied traits included the number of days to flowering, the number of days to maturity, plant height, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the weight of 1000 seeds, and seed yield. According to the Griffing and Heyman analytic methods, phenotypic and phenotypic properties were estimated using R-Software and the Library “DiallelAnalysisR.
Results: ANOVA (analysis of variance) results for the traits showed that the difference between genotypes regarding all traits was significant at the 1% probability level. This result indicates the existence of a high diversity among the genotypes. The first Griffing method (full diallel) and Heyman's numerical method were used to analyze the diallel data. The results of the diallel analysis showed significant effects regarding general and specific combining ability and mutual effects for all investigated traits, which indicates the important effects of both additive and non-additive genes on controlling these traits. Moreover, the significance of the ratio of general to specific combining ability for all traits, except for the number of days to flowering and the number of days to ripening, indicated a higher significance of additive effects than non-additive effects in controlling such traits. Furthermore, it turned out that the cross of Safar × Dalgan lines could be efficient in the canola breeding program due to the positive and significant general combining ability in terms of seed yield, and negative general combining ability in terms of the number of days to maturity to achieve high-yielding and early-maturing genotypes for tropical regions. The range of heterosis compared to the superior parent for seed yield ranged from -33.8 to 30.3 in this study. The average degree of dominance for all traits, other than the number of days to flowering (relative dominance), indicated the presence of an over-dominance effect in controlling the traits; therefore, the phenomenon of heterosis can be used to increase and improve these traits. Dominance-direction was significant for all desired traits, except for the number of seeds per pod and the weight of 1000 seeds.
Background: As one of the most important oilseed crops all over the world, increasing the seed oil content of canola, along with higher genotypic and phenotypic potential of its yield, is among the significant goals of this crop for achieving large-scale production in different countries. The basis of plant breeding programs is diversity, and the success rate of such programs depends on the presence of genetic variability for screening and selection. The current study aimed to estimate heritability and the degree of heterosis of different traits in canola compared to the superior parent, and to assess the responses of these traits to hybrid lines. In addition, the best general and specific combining ability in parental lines with the highest heterosis and heritability were investigated using the full diallel cross method in spring canola.
Methods: Seven canola cultivars were subjected to a full cross diallel (forward and backward crosses + parental lines) in 2020-2021. The first-generation (F1) hybrids with their parental lines (49 genotypes in total) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2021-2022. The studied traits included the number of days to flowering, the number of days to maturity, plant height, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the weight of 1000 seeds, and seed yield. According to the Griffing and Heyman analytic methods, phenotypic and phenotypic properties were estimated using R-Software and the Library “DiallelAnalysisR.
Results: ANOVA (analysis of variance) results for the traits showed that the difference between genotypes regarding all traits was significant at the 1% probability level. This result indicates the existence of a high diversity among the genotypes. The first Griffing method (full diallel) and Heyman's numerical method were used to analyze the diallel data. The results of the diallel analysis showed significant effects regarding general and specific combining ability and mutual effects for all investigated traits, which indicates the important effects of both additive and non-additive genes on controlling these traits. Moreover, the significance of the ratio of general to specific combining ability for all traits, except for the number of days to flowering and the number of days to ripening, indicated a higher significance of additive effects than non-additive effects in controlling such traits. Furthermore, it turned out that the cross of Safar × Dalgan lines could be efficient in the canola breeding program due to the positive and significant general combining ability in terms of seed yield, and negative general combining ability in terms of the number of days to maturity to achieve high-yielding and early-maturing genotypes for tropical regions. The range of heterosis compared to the superior parent for seed yield ranged from -33.8 to 30.3 in this study. The average degree of dominance for all traits, other than the number of days to flowering (relative dominance), indicated the presence of an over-dominance effect in controlling the traits; therefore, the phenomenon of heterosis can be used to increase and improve these traits. Dominance-direction was significant for all desired traits, except for the number of seeds per pod and the weight of 1000 seeds.
Conclusion: The estimation of general combining ability showed that the parental lines, including Safar, Zafar, and Dalgan, were the best general combinations to increase seed yield. The two heterotic combinations RGS.003 × Dalgan and Roshana × Zafar can also be the most productive due to their positive and significant specific combining ability in terms of yield, and negative specific combining ability in terms of the number of days to maturity. Therefore, the single-cross canola hybrids of these crosses could be considered for release as varieties and distributed among the canola farmers. Finally, due to the highest grain yield of the hybrid lines resulting from Dalgan × Saffar, which was equal to 3754 kg per hectare (the average table is not given), it is suggested to directly include this hybrid in breeding programs and test it for stability.
Keywords: Canola, General Combining Ability, Griffing Model, Gene Effect, Heritability, Additive Variance
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
اصلاح نباتات، بیومتری
Received: 2024/09/20 | Accepted: 2025/01/29
Received: 2024/09/20 | Accepted: 2025/01/29
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