Mehrzad Ahmadi *1, Ali Akbar Ghanbari1, Maryam Mahmoodi1, Simin TaheriArdestani,1, Masoumeh Pouresmael Foshazadeh1, Farangis Ghanavati1
1- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Abstract: (114 Views)
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the fourth most important plant from legumes in the world, which is consumed as dry, green and fodder peas. It is an annual, self-pollinating and diploid (2n = 2x = 14) plant that is widely cultivated as a garden and field crop throughout the temperate regions of the world. Although this plant has been cultivated in Iran for a long time, few studies are available on the genotypes collected in Iran and their characteristics and genetic diversity. In 1384-88, there was a program to collect the vegetable genotypes of the country with the efforts of researchers and experts from all over the country with the aim of preserving the native populations. Due to the desire of farmers to cultivate foreign cultivars, the accessions in the country have been severely eroded and many of the accessions in the vegetable collection of the gene bank are unique and it is not possible to find these accessions in the country any more. These accessions are usually adapted to the weather conditions, pests and diseases of the country and are very important in the development of sustainable cultivation. In green peas, foreign cultivars are most welcomed by farmers. Therefore, the accessions of the green pea collection of Gene Bank are specially importance.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 63 green pea accessions along with five commercial varieties Utrillo, Wando, Mr. big, Alderman, Rondo were cultivated and evaluated in seven blocks in Augment design in the research feild of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute) in 1399-1400. Each accession was cultivated in a two-meter line with a row distance of 60 cm and a plant distance of 10 cm. 38 agronomic and morphological characteristics were evaluated according to UPOV descriptor in traits related to leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. Also, Shannon's index (Hˊ) was used to determine the diversity of qualitative traits. The data was analyzed using SPSS and SAS statistical software, and correlation was calculated using Pearson's method, genotypes were grouped using cluster analysis.
Results: According to the results, the highest coefficient of variation in quantitative traits (CV) is respectively for the Peduncle length between first and second pods (1.30 cm) and the spore length (0.85 cm) and the lowest coefficient of variation for the standard petal width (0.14 cm) and the Total length of petiole including tendrils (cm 0.15) was obtained. The highest Shannon's coefficient in qualitative traits was observed in the density of flecking Stipule (1.33), Stipule size (1.09) and pod Curvature (1.04). The lowest Shannon's coefficient was observed in having leaflets (0.09). The strongest positive correlation was obtained between the weight of one hundred seeds with the length and width of the pod, as well as between the length of the pod and the width of the pod.
principal components Analysis showed that the first four components included 65% of the total changes. In the first component, which accounted for 33% of the observed changes, the most important traits affecting this component were one hundred dry seeds weight, length and width pod. The second component justified 15% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the leaflet length and the petiole length. The third component justified 10% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with length from peduncle to first pod and the number of seed per pod. The fourth component accounted for 7% of the observed changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the length of the distance from length between first and second pods and the Stipule length from axil to tip.
In cluster analysis, the genetic accessions were classified into seven separate groups, respectively 8, 26, 6, 1, 2, 13 and 12. The grouping of genetic accessions was independent of their geographical origin. The different genetic accessions of green pea under investigation had a wide range of morphological characteristics, which indicates the high genetic diversity of this crop.
Conclusion: The results showed a range of 32 days in the number of days to flowering, a range of 90 cm in the plant height and a range of 24 grams in one hundred seeds weight. Also, in this research, genetic accessions 38, 79, 83 and 82 were the earliest flowering genotypes, and genetic accessions Mr. Big and 81 had the largest pod length and genetic accessions 81 and 83 had the largest pod width. Genetic accessions 80, 82, 58 had the highest one hundred seeds weight. Many genetic diversities were observed in the characteristics of the type of bracket and the margin of the Stipule in an Iranian accession, which seems to be necessary to include these characteristics in the international descriptor of green peas. In this study, a high genetic diversity was observed among green pea accessions in the country, and this diversity can be used in breeding programs to obtain cultivars compatible with Iran's cultivation areas.
Introduction and purpose: green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the fourth most important plant from legumes in the world, which is consumed as dry, green and fodder peas. It is an annual, self-pollinating and diploid (2n = 2x = 14) plant that is widely cultivated as a garden and field crop throughout the temperate regions of the world. Although this plant has been cultivated in Iran for a long time, few studies are available on the genotypes collected in Iran and their characteristics and genetic diversity. In 1384-88, there was a program to collect the vegetable genotypes of the country with the efforts of researchers and experts from all over the country with the aim of preserving the native populations. Due to the desire of farmers to cultivate foreign cultivars, the accessions in the country have been severely eroded and many of the accessions in the vegetable collection of the gene bank are unique and it is not possible to find these accessions in the country any more. These accessions are usually adapted to the weather conditions, pests and diseases of the country and are very important in the development of sustainable cultivation. In green peas, foreign cultivars are most welcomed by farmers. Therefore, the accessions of the green pea collection of Gene Bank are specially importance.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 63 green pea accessions along with five commercial varieties Utrillo, Wando, Mr. big, Alderman, Rondo were cultivated and evaluated in seven blocks in Augment design in the research feild of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute) in 1399-1400. Each accession was cultivated in a two-meter line with a row distance of 60 cm and a plant distance of 10 cm. 38 agronomic and morphological characteristics were evaluated according to UPOV descriptor in traits related to leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. Also, Shannon's index (Hˊ) was used to determine the diversity of qualitative traits. The data was analyzed using SPSS and SAS statistical software, and correlation was calculated using Pearson's method, genotypes were grouped using cluster analysis.
Results: According to the results, the highest coefficient of variation in quantitative traits (CV) is respectively for the Peduncle length between first and second pods (1.30 cm) and the spore length (0.85 cm) and the lowest coefficient of variation for the standard petal width (0.14 cm) and the Total length of petiole including tendrils (cm 0.15) was obtained. The highest Shannon's coefficient in qualitative traits was observed in the density of flecking Stipule (1.33), Stipule size (1.09) and pod Curvature (1.04). The lowest Shannon's coefficient was observed in having leaflets (0.09). The strongest positive correlation was obtained between the weight of one hundred seeds with the length and width of the pod, as well as between the length of the pod and the width of the pod.
principal components Analysis showed that the first four components included 65% of the total changes. In the first component, which accounted for 33% of the observed changes, the most important traits affecting this component were one hundred dry seeds weight, length and width pod. The second component justified 15% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the leaflet length and the petiole length. The third component justified 10% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with length from peduncle to first pod and the number of seed per pod. The fourth component accounted for 7% of the observed changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the length of the distance from length between first and second pods and the Stipule length from axil to tip.
In cluster analysis, the genetic accessions were classified into seven separate groups, respectively 8, 26, 6, 1, 2, 13 and 12. The grouping of genetic accessions was independent of their geographical origin. The different genetic accessions of green pea under investigation had a wide range of morphological characteristics, which indicates the high genetic diversity of this crop.
Conclusion: The results showed a range of 32 days in the number of days to flowering, a range of 90 cm in the plant height and a range of 24 grams in one hundred seeds weight. Also, in this research, genetic accessions 38, 79, 83 and 82 were the earliest flowering genotypes, and genetic accessions Mr. Big and 81 had the largest pod length and genetic accessions 81 and 83 had the largest pod width. Genetic accessions 80, 82, 58 had the highest one hundred seeds weight. Many genetic diversities were observed in the characteristics of the type of bracket and the margin of the Stipule in an Iranian accession, which seems to be necessary to include these characteristics in the international descriptor of green peas. In this study, a high genetic diversity was observed among green pea accessions in the country, and this diversity can be used in breeding programs to obtain cultivars compatible with Iran's cultivation areas.
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