Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2025)
J Crop Breed 2025, 17(2): 12-28 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ahmadi M, Ghanbari A A, Mahmoodi M, Taheri Ardestani, S, Pouresmael Foshazadeh M, Ghanavati F. (2025). Investigating the Genetic Diversity of Green Pea Accessions from the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran. J Crop Breed. 17(2), 12-28. doi:10.61882/jcb.2024.1527
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1527-en.html
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1527-en.html
Mehrzad Ahmadi *1 
, Ali Akbar Ghanbari1, Maryam Mahmoodi1, Simin Taheri Ardestani,1, Masoumeh Pouresmael Foshazadeh1, Farangis Ghanavati1
, Ali Akbar Ghanbari1, Maryam Mahmoodi1, Simin Taheri Ardestani,1, Masoumeh Pouresmael Foshazadeh1, Farangis Ghanavati1
1- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Abstract: (699 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: Green pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the fourth most important legumes in the world, which is consumed as dry, green, and fodder peas. It is an annual, self-pollinating, and diploid (2n = 2x = 14) plant that is widely cultivated as a garden and field crop throughout the temperate regions of the world. Although this plant has been cultivated in Iran for a long time, few studies are available on the genotypes collected in Iran and their characteristics and genetic diversity. Between 2005 and 2009, there was a program to collect the vegetable genotypes of the country with the efforts of researchers and experts from all over the country aiming to preserve the native populations. The accessions in the country have been severely eroded due to the desire of farmers to cultivate foreign cultivars, and many of the accessions in the vegetable collection of the gene bank are unique; hence, it is not possible to find these accessions in the country anymore. These accessions are usually adapted to the weather conditions, pests, and diseases of the country and are very important in the development of sustainable cultivation. In green peas, foreign cultivars are most welcomed by farmers. Therefore, the accessions of the green pea collection of the Gene Bank are of special importance.
Methods: In this study, 63 green pea accessions, along with five commercial varieties Utrillo, Wando, Mr. Big, Alderman, and Rondo, were cultivated and evaluated in seven blocks in an augment design in the research field of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute) in 2020-2021. Each accession was cultivated in a 2-meter line with a row distance of 60 cm and a plant distance of 10 cm. Then, 38 agronomic and morphological traits were evaluated according to the UPOV descriptor in traits related to leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds. The Shannon index (Hˊ) was used to determine the diversity of qualitative traits. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SAS statistical software, and the correlation was calculated using Pearson's method. The genotypes were grouped using cluster analysis.
Results: According to the results, the highest coefficient of variation (CV) in quantitative traits is respectively for the peduncle length between the first and second pods (1.30 cm) and the spore length (0.85 cm). The lowest CV was obtained for the standard petal width (0.14 cm) and the total length of the petiole, including tendrils (0.15 cm). The highest Shannon's coefficient in qualitative traits was observed in the density of flecking stipules (1.33), stipule size (1.09), and pod curvature (1.04). The lowest Shannon's coefficient was observed in having leaflets (0.09). The strongest positive correlation was obtained between the weight of one-hundred seeds and the length and width of the pod, as well as between the length and width of the pod.
The principal component analysis showed that the first four components included 65% of the total changes. In the first component, which accounted for 33% of the observed changes, the most important traits affecting this component were one-hundred dry seed weight, length, and width of pods. The second component justified 15% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the leaflet length and the petiole length. The third component justified 10% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the length from the peduncle to the first pod and the number of seeds per pod. The fourth component accounted for 7% of the observed changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the length of the distance from the length between the first and second pods and the stipule length from the axil to the tip. In cluster analysis, the genetic accessions were classified into seven separate groups, respectively, 8, 26, 6, 1, 2, 13, and 12. The grouping of genetic accessions was independent of their geographical origins. The different genetic accessions of the investigated green peas had a wide range of morphological characteristics, which indicates the high genetic diversity of this crop.
Conclusion: The results showed a range of 32 days in the number of days to flowering, a range of 90 cm in the plant height, and a range of 24 g in one hundred seed weight. In this research, genetic accessions 38, 79, 83, and 82 were the earliest flowering genotypes, genetic accessions Mr. Big and 81 had the largest pod length, and genetic accessions 81 and 83 had the largest pod width. Genetic accessions 80, 82, and 58 had the highest one-hundred seed weight. Many genetic diversities were observed in the characteristics of the type of bracket and the margin of the stipule in an Iranian accession; thus, it seems necessary to include these characteristics in the international descriptor of green peas. In this study, a high genetic diversity was observed among green pea accessions in the country, and this diversity can be used in breeding programs to obtain cultivars compatible with Iran's cultivation areas.
Background: Green pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the fourth most important legumes in the world, which is consumed as dry, green, and fodder peas. It is an annual, self-pollinating, and diploid (2n = 2x = 14) plant that is widely cultivated as a garden and field crop throughout the temperate regions of the world. Although this plant has been cultivated in Iran for a long time, few studies are available on the genotypes collected in Iran and their characteristics and genetic diversity. Between 2005 and 2009, there was a program to collect the vegetable genotypes of the country with the efforts of researchers and experts from all over the country aiming to preserve the native populations. The accessions in the country have been severely eroded due to the desire of farmers to cultivate foreign cultivars, and many of the accessions in the vegetable collection of the gene bank are unique; hence, it is not possible to find these accessions in the country anymore. These accessions are usually adapted to the weather conditions, pests, and diseases of the country and are very important in the development of sustainable cultivation. In green peas, foreign cultivars are most welcomed by farmers. Therefore, the accessions of the green pea collection of the Gene Bank are of special importance.
Methods: In this study, 63 green pea accessions, along with five commercial varieties Utrillo, Wando, Mr. Big, Alderman, and Rondo, were cultivated and evaluated in seven blocks in an augment design in the research field of the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute) in 2020-2021. Each accession was cultivated in a 2-meter line with a row distance of 60 cm and a plant distance of 10 cm. Then, 38 agronomic and morphological traits were evaluated according to the UPOV descriptor in traits related to leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds. The Shannon index (Hˊ) was used to determine the diversity of qualitative traits. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SAS statistical software, and the correlation was calculated using Pearson's method. The genotypes were grouped using cluster analysis.
Results: According to the results, the highest coefficient of variation (CV) in quantitative traits is respectively for the peduncle length between the first and second pods (1.30 cm) and the spore length (0.85 cm). The lowest CV was obtained for the standard petal width (0.14 cm) and the total length of the petiole, including tendrils (0.15 cm). The highest Shannon's coefficient in qualitative traits was observed in the density of flecking stipules (1.33), stipule size (1.09), and pod curvature (1.04). The lowest Shannon's coefficient was observed in having leaflets (0.09). The strongest positive correlation was obtained between the weight of one-hundred seeds and the length and width of the pod, as well as between the length and width of the pod.
The principal component analysis showed that the first four components included 65% of the total changes. In the first component, which accounted for 33% of the observed changes, the most important traits affecting this component were one-hundred dry seed weight, length, and width of pods. The second component justified 15% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the leaflet length and the petiole length. The third component justified 10% of the data changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the length from the peduncle to the first pod and the number of seeds per pod. The fourth component accounted for 7% of the observed changes and had a strong and positive relationship with the length of the distance from the length between the first and second pods and the stipule length from the axil to the tip. In cluster analysis, the genetic accessions were classified into seven separate groups, respectively, 8, 26, 6, 1, 2, 13, and 12. The grouping of genetic accessions was independent of their geographical origins. The different genetic accessions of the investigated green peas had a wide range of morphological characteristics, which indicates the high genetic diversity of this crop.
Conclusion: The results showed a range of 32 days in the number of days to flowering, a range of 90 cm in the plant height, and a range of 24 g in one hundred seed weight. In this research, genetic accessions 38, 79, 83, and 82 were the earliest flowering genotypes, genetic accessions Mr. Big and 81 had the largest pod length, and genetic accessions 81 and 83 had the largest pod width. Genetic accessions 80, 82, and 58 had the highest one-hundred seed weight. Many genetic diversities were observed in the characteristics of the type of bracket and the margin of the stipule in an Iranian accession; thus, it seems necessary to include these characteristics in the international descriptor of green peas. In this study, a high genetic diversity was observed among green pea accessions in the country, and this diversity can be used in breeding programs to obtain cultivars compatible with Iran's cultivation areas.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
