1 2228-6128 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری 116 General Estimation of Genetic Parameters for a Number of Nutrient Quality Traits in Rice 1 4 2010 2 5 1 16 08 05 2013 Genetic components controlling a number of nutrient quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied using 7×7 half a diallel cross. This experiment were carried out for determination of gene action, estimation of heritability and determination the best parents. The contents of P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn were measured from white rice grain flour obtained from studied genotypes. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits including Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), Ferrum (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) contents. Hayman’s diallel analysis doesn’t carry out for P content due to Inadequacy of additive-dominance model. Diallel analysis revealed that both additive (D) and dominance components (H1 and H2) were significant for K, Fe, Zn and Mn contents. The average degree of dominance showed the over dominance effects for controlling of K, Fe, Zn and Mn contents. The ratio of H2/4H1 indicated approximately symmetrical distribution of the genes in K and Zn contents. Also results indicated that an increase of Zn and Mn contents were controlled by recessive alleles. Broad sense heritability estimates were high for all traits. Value of four mineral elements K, P, Fe and Zn contents were high in landraces including Deilmani, Hassani and Shahpasand cultivars and heritability of these traits were high, therefore, these genotypes can be used as parents in breeding programs for improving nutrient quality in rice.
117 General nzyme Assay of Aeluropus littoralis Parl. Regarding to the Salt (NaCl) Stresses 1 4 2010 2 5 17 29 08 05 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) release from cellular water molecules under abiotic and biotic stresses which are harmful for cellular metabolism. Although, some of radical injuries neutralize via plant enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions like antioxidant system such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. Aeluropus littoralis Parl. is a halophyte plant belongs to Poaceae family can tolerate over 600 mM NaCl stress, thus it can be as genetic source for transfer gene to crop resulting cereal improvement under salt stress condition. There is not any report about antioxidant assay in this plant up to now. This research have studied in rice and citrus research institute, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University’s hydroponic labs in 1389. Antioxidant enzymes assay have performed in four levels, 0, 200, 400 and 600 mM NaCl during 21 days and periodically 72 hours sampling. Statistical analysis indicated reciprocal effects of time and salt treatment for enzyme was significant (α= 0.01). The results determined the enzymes activity increase up to 8, 7, 18 and 5.3 for POX, CAT, APX and SOD respectively in 400 and 600 mM NaCl treatment. In respect to results as well as antioxidant enzymes high activity, identification, isolation and transfer of genes involve in salt tolerance from Aeluropus littoralis Parl. can be benefit for production of transgenic plant tolerant to environmental stresses. 118 General Study of Relationship Between Some Agro-Morphological Traits With Yield in M7 Generation of Soybean Mutant lines Irradiated by Gamma Ray 1 4 2010 2 5 30 46 08 05 2013 thirty-three M7 soybean mutant lines which originated by γ ray (co-60) from cultivar L17 irradiated with doses150, 200 and 250 Gray (absorbed dose), L17 cultivar and two commercial cultivars Clark (CL) and Williams (WI) were evaluated in view of some agronomical and morphological traits under completely randomized design with three replications. In M7 mutant lines all traits except number of seed per pod showed a significant difference at α=1% or 5% in comparison with L17 and commercial cultivars. The difference of seed per pod was not significant amongst studied lines. Seed yield per plant showed positive and highest correlation (0.886) with harvest index. Stepwise regression analysis showed 99.7% variation of yield per plant as a depended variable justified with harvest index and plant dry weight traits that harvest index value were more than plant dry weight. By using forward regression analysis except two mentioned traits other traits with low importance including number of leaf per plant, plant height and root dry weight were inserted in final regression model. Path analysis results showed that harvest index and plant height have respectively highest (0.62) and lowest (0.001) positive direct effects on seed yield per plant. Therefore harvest index trait can be used as relevant selection criteria for yield in plant breeding programs. By using of principal factor analysis with varimax rotation for studied traits, 6 factors were determined that these factors justified 89% of total variation. First factor justified 35% of total variation and this factor called as a yield factor. 119 General Study on Salt Tolerance of Gamma Ray Induced Mutants in 032 Soybean Cultivar in Greenhouse Condition 1 4 2010 2 5 47 56 08 05 2013 Study on salt tolerance of 35 lines derived gamma ray irradiation on 032 soybean cultivar (M2 generation) were conducted. Seeds of selected M1 lines were sown in greenhouse with 3 levels of sodium chloride (30, 60 and 90 mM) in sandy culture in factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2008. After 60 days salinity treatment, the traits of stem length, root length, root node number, plant fresh weight, dry weight of aerial part of plant, root dry weight and plant biomass were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between salinity, lines and interaction between salinity and lines. Also results showed significant differences in morphological traits. The observations showed the most extensive variation range was belong to 320 Gy dose of gamma ray. In this study, 10 lines were selected and they were tolerant to all salinity levels. These promising lines can be used as new germplasms to obtain new salt tolerance varieties in near future. 120 General Evaluation of Genetic Variation and Correlation Among Yield and Yield Components in Soybean Genotypes Using Multivariate Analysis 1 4 2010 2 5 57 67 08 05 2013 In order to evaluate genetic variation and path analysis of yield components and grain yield, 49 soybean genotypes were studied based on simple lattice design. Analysis of variance based on lattice design revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. The results of path analysis revealed that among yield components, 1000-seed weight showed significant positive direct effects on grain yield and number of seeds per pod and pods per plant were stayed in next step. Number of branches showed significant positive direct effect on pods per plant but it showed significant negative direct effect on seeds per plant. The genotypes showed maximum and minimum genetic variation for number of branches and pod length, respectively. Results of factor analysis revealed nominal yield components in first factor showed the most variation among the genotypes and the second factor expressing the metric yield components. In this study the genotypes M-45, Mustung, TN6.90, Calnoax and Tellar with the means of seed yield 4830, 4590, 4685, 4520 and 4380 kg ha-1 respectively, have considered as suitable genotypes for this trait and also they were classified as one statistical group, respectively. 121 General Study on the Reaction of Aeluropus littoralis Parl. to Rice Important Pathogenic Fungi in Mazandaran Province 1 4 2010 2 5 68 77 08 05 2013 Aeluropus littoralis belong to poaceae family. It often grows in salty soils. In this study reaction of A. littoralis to rice pathogens (Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris oryzae) was investigated at greenhouse and field conditions under artificial inoculation. These three mentioned fungi were isolated from rice plants and then propagated and separately inoculated on Aeluropus plants. The results indicated that R. solani and P. grisea could infect the A. littoralis and showed the typical symptoms on this plants. This is the first report of these fungi that infect the A. littoralis plant in northern Iran. But B. oryzae could not infect the A. littoralis, and was not showed brown spot symptoms on plants at greenhouse and field conditions. Aeluropus can be an alternative host for the blast and sheath blight of the rice. Therefore, eradication of this weed can reduce the inoculum sources of the two important rice pathogens. Also it can be source of resistance to rice brown spot disease. Beside, the possibility of existence of other tentative methods for considering this disease must be studied and researched in the future. 122 General Study of Genotype × Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Tobacco Genotypes Using AMMI and Tai analysis 1 4 2010 2 5 78 90 08 05 2013 To determine the yield stability and adaptability of the genotype of tobacco, 5 genotypes of flue-cured tobacco were evaluated in experiment using a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications at two locations including Rasht and Tirtash tobacco Research Centers (IRAN), during the growing season of 2008-2010 (four environment). The interaction of genotype × environment in AMMI and Tai analysis method was significant (p ≤ 0.01). In Tai regression analysis method of genotype 1, 3, 5 were in part stability. But genotype (G3) had a high stability comparing the others because of having λ near to 1 and α near to zero and also because of a higher average yield than the total average yield. In AMMI1 model, genotype 3 was introduced as a stable genotype, and also in AMMI2 model, the first two principle component axes (PCA 1 and 2) were significant (p ≤ 0.01) and the first Interaction Principal Component Axis (IPCA1) of the interaction captured 87% of the interaction sum of squares. The Second Interaction Principal Component Axis (IPCA2) explained a further 12% of GEI sum of squares. And cumulatively contributed 99% of the total GEI. Thus, in this model AMMI2, the first two principle components were considered. And the other PCA were considered as noise. The biplot technique was used to identify appropriate genotype for special locations. Result show that genotype 3 (Caspian z1) with the highest interaction were the most stable genotype. Furthermore, genotype 3 was known as more suitable for Tirtash (S2) and Rasht (S1) locations. In general, in this study, genotype 3 was known as the most suitable genotype on the base of Tai regression analysis and AMMI method.