دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Study of Correlation Coefficients and Factors Analysis of Bread-making Quality Attributes in Beard Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
8
1
FA
In order to study the effect of traits related to baking quality of bread wheat, an experiment was carried out by six bread wheat genotypes (as parents) and their15 F1progeny using randomized complete block design with three replications in Kermanshah, Iran during crop season 2010- 2011. In this study 14 traits attributes baking quality bread wheat were evaluated. The analysis of variance was indicated a highly significant differences among the parents and their F1 hybrids for all characters. The mean values of 6 parents and their 15 F1 hybrids for all characteristics were sorted in different classes. The correlation study of main baking attributes characteristics such as protein content, hardness index, wet gluten, water absorption, beard volume zeleny sedimentation volume, and SDS sedimentation volume showed positive and significant correlation. Study of factors analysis showed four factors that were effective in baking quality in which by this 75.571 of total variation in data was explained. First factor alone explained 40.344 % of total variation. These factors such as water absorption, protein content, zeleny sedimentation volume, hardness index, SDS sedimentation and gluten content were significant.The path analysis of data showed that relationship between zeleny with three characters (moisture content, water absorption, protein content) explained 0,52 of total variation. The relationship of SDS sedimentation volume with protein content andwet gluten content explained 0.53 of total variation also.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Evaluation of agronomic traits and Yield Potential Diversity Inbreed Wheat Inbred Lines Triticum aestivum L. Derived from Roshan×Falat Cultivar
10
1
FA
In order to study genetic diversity of different wheat inbred lines and grain yield modeling as well as selection of elite lines, 305 wheat lines derived from Roshan × Falat cultivar along with their parents as well as two check (Mahdavi and Shahpasand) cultivated in research field of Sahid Bahonar university of Kerman in augment design, on growing season of 2013-2014. Result of genetic and phenotype correlation has high coincidences together that shown infer low influence of environment error to relationship between evaluated traits. According to results of correlation analysis significant correlation was seen between grain yield and most of evaluated traits. Results of ANOVA of evaluated traits showed non-significant difference between check varieties in different incomplete blocks, this showed the homogeneity of experiment field. Stepwise regression model showed%81 changes of grain yield is justified by 1000 grain weight, number of grain per single plant, number of fertile tiller, plant hight and awn length. By factor analysis for the 13 evaluated traits shown%65 of variation in grain yield is justified by four factors, cluster analysis categorized the lines into three groups, the dendrogram revealed lines the third group of lines white the second group have significant difference. Evaluation of grain yield potential and phenotypic diversity measured traits lead to selection 40 better inbreed lines in this research. Results of this research showed number of grain per single plant, number of fertile tiller, grain filling period and awn length would be recommended traits for indirect selection for improvement grain yield.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Assessment of Quality Traits of some Advanced Lines of Durum Wheat at Isfahan
16
9
FA
In order to assessment of quality traits of durum wheat lines, 18 elite lines selected from advanced regional durum wheat yield trial, ARDYT (2009-10) along with two check {including Dena(durum wheat) and Parsi (Bread wheat)} were studied in an experiment using RCBD with three replications at Isfahan research station in two consecutive crop season. Results showed a significant difference between the two years for all traits (except %protein). In first year lines 15 and 8 had the highest (%12.6) and lowest (%11.3) of protein percentage, respectively. While the highest (%13) and lowest (%11.7) of this character for second year were in control-1 and line 14, respectively. Cluster analysis classified lines in four main groups, that IV group had the highest protein percentage. The most of traits had a significant correlated. Factor analysis revealed that three factors confirmed more than 84% of total variance between the lines. The first factor confirmed 49% of the variation. In conclusion, the results of present study are suitable for crop and breeding programs.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Genetic Variability of Zinc Efficiency in Some Iranian Spring Wheat Varieties
24
17
FA
One of the plant breeding strategies for increasing zinc content of wheat grain is employing natural genetic variability of this trait. To investigate genetic variation of traits related to zinc efficiency among Iranian spring wheat cultivars and determining the relationship between these traits and grain yield and its components, two separate experiments were conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. One of the experiments was under zinc foliar application condition and the other lacked the mentioned condition. Analysis of variance was performed based on combined analysis. Results of stepwise regression, correlation and path analysis indicated independence of endosperm zinc content and embryo and aleuron zinc content from grain yield and its components with any direct or indirect significant effects. Results of combined analysis determined that there was not considerable genetic variability about traits related to zinc efficiency among examined wheat varieties and heritability of these traits was low. Therefore crossing and selection among these spring varities is not enough efficient for promotion of grain zinc content and it would be nessecary to crossing between these variteis and other zinc efficient landraces, cultivars or wild relatives.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Association between Grain Quality Traits and SSR Molecular Markers in Some Bread Wheat Genotypes
36
25
FA
Improvement of bread quality in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depends on a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of important quality traits. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the genetic basis of wheat grain quality traits including kernel length, kernel width, 1000-kernel weight, grain protein content, Zeleni No, bread volume, moisture content, grain hardness, water absorption and SDS sedimentation volume, and to determine the relationship between the phenotypic data with the genotypic data of four SSR markers using marker-trait association approach. A total of 46 polymorphic alleles with an average of 7.66 alleles per locus were amplified. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of the markers ranged from 0.26 to 0.82, where the first locus for wmc41 (wmc41-1) showed the lowest and the second locus of gwm608 (gwm608-2) indicated the highest PIC. Based on stepwise regression analysis, different markers were entered to the model for kernel length, 1000-kernel weight, bread volume, grain hardness and SDS sedimentation volume. However, for grain protein content, kernel width, Zeleni No., moisture content and water absorption no any marker alleles were detected. For kernel length two marker alleles (gwm608-b5 and gwm644-b4), for bread volume two marker alleles (wmc41-b5 and gwm644-a1), for grain hardness two marker alleles (wmc41-b4 and wmc41-b2) were entered to the model. For 1000-kernel weight and SDS sedimentation volume only one marker alleles of gwm608-b3 and gwm608-b2 for each were respectively detected, which in general, explained from 22% to 37% of the phenotypic variations. The results showed that those markers with high polymorphic content and high genetic variation play a pivotal role in separation and distinction of genotypes.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Evaluation Genetic of Early Vigor of Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using Diallel Crosses
44
37
FA
Early vigor is an imperative trait and its role become more important under drought stress condition. Genotypes with better early vigor cover above the soil plane, reduce evaporation of soil surface and increase weed competitiveness. In this research, a half diallel mating design was generated from crosses between seven bread wheat to study the genetic of early vigor. Parents and F1 progenies were planted in greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with six replications and seedling dry weight, seedling length and germination ability were evaluated. Additive and dominant effects significantly affected seedling dry weight and seedling length, while germination ability only affected by additive effect. Results showed that epistasis was significant for all traits. Seedling dry weight, seedling length and germination ability showed high broad sense heritability (0.95, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively). Meanwhile, seedling dry weight and germination ability showed low narrow sense heritability (0.29 and 0.19, respectively) and seedling length showed moderate narrow sense heritability (0.62). Selection in early generations has slow progress due to low narrow sense heritability and presence of epistasis. Consequently, bulk, single seed descent and double-haploid methods are suggested in breeding programs for improving early vigor. Iranian cultivar, Roushan, showed the best early vigor and general combining ability among evaluated cultivars and proposed as one of mating parents in breeding programs to improve early vigor.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Study of Genetic Control of Some Yield Related Traits of Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress Condition using Generation Mean Analysis
51
45
FA
Breeding programs strategies depends on genetical mechanism of selection traits. In the present research, generation mean analysis with joint scaling test was performed to determine the gene action. F1, F2 and F3 generations, derived from Roushan and Kavir cross along with their parents were sown in a partial Lattice design with two replications under stress condition at the research field of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2012-2013. The traits including number of tillers, awn length, single plant weight, grain number per plant, flag leaf width, spike length and peduncle length were measured. Genetic parameters including additive effect (d), dominance effect (h), additive×additive [i] and dominance×dominance effect [l] were evaluated for different traits. All traits were controlled by additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects. Additive effect was more valuable than dominance for peduncle length. The degree of dominance for most of the traits was higher than one, which indicated the importance of dominance effect in genetic control of evaluated traits. In addition, the dominant×dominant [l] epistasis was more important than additive×additive [i] epistatic effect. The broad and narrow sense heritability of evaluated traits were 0.67 to 0.97 and 0.37 to 0.96, respectively. Positive heterosis was observed for spike length, peduncle length and flag leaf width. The dominant gene effect was detected as the most important genetic effect in controlling several traits. Therefore, selection should be made in later generations till desirable genes are fixed.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Association Analysis for Morphological Traits in Cultivated Alfalfa using Molecular Markers
60
52
FA
In the current investigation, 10 IRAP, 14 REMAP, 16 ISSR and 7 SSR primers and mixed linear model (MLM)-based association analysis were used to identify molecular markers associated with 13 morphological traits in cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Morphological traits studied, were height, chlorophyll content, total wet weight, total dry weight, wet leaf weight, dry leaf weight, wet stem weight, dry stem weight, number of leaves, number of stems, number of leaves/number of stems, dry leaf weight/dry stem weight and total dry weight/total wet weight. Analysis of genetic structure of the populations revealed 6 sub-populations (K=6). In general, MLM association analysis identified 95 markers associated with studied traits (P≤0.02). Fifty-four percentages of the associated markers were retrotransposon-based markers (IRAP and REMAP), while SSR and ISSR markers constituted 46 percentage of the associated markers. Marker ISSR14-4 was associated with 8 traits. The maximum number of markers (13) was associated with dry stem weight. Markers associated with dry stem weight and wet stem weight was also linked to the other studied traits.Results of the current study presented useful information about the genetic basis of the traits studied and can be used in alfalfa breeding programs to produce hybrids with high biomass.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Study of Chromosomal Variation in Several Populations of Aegilops Cylindrica from Northwest of Iran
71
61
FA
In order to investigation of chromosomal variation in various populations of Aegilops cylindrica from northwest of Iran, the karyotype of each populations was prepared using aceto-iron-hematoxilin staining and different chromosomal characteristics were measured. The results showed that the karyotype of these populations consisted of seven pairs of metacentric, three pairs of submetacentric and four pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes which one pair of them (chromosome 3) had a secondary constriction and was satellited chromosome. The analysis of variance showed that the chromosome × population interaction was significant for the relative length and arm ratio index of chromosomes. Slicing of this interaction indicated that there were significant differences among populations in terms of relative length of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14 and for arm ratio index of chromosomes 5, 10, 13, 14. According to Stebbins's karyotype asymmetry categories, all of populations placed in 2A class. Cluster analysis of populations using some karyological characteristics and symmetry indices based on complete linkage method separated the populations into three groups; without any following from their geographical distribution. Principle components analysis indicated that the first two components accounted for 50.5 and 33 percentage of total variance, respectively. In the first component, mean of chromosome length, mean of long and short arm length and in the second component, dispersion index, inter-chromosomal asymmetry index, relative length of the shortest chromosome and range of relative length of chromosomes, showed the highest proportion of variance among populations.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Manganese Effect on Gene Expression of Flavones Synthetize and Flavonoids Amounts in Cuminum Cyminum
79
72
FA
The flavones are sub-group of flavonoids with wide varieties. Also they protect plants against UV, also have a role in treating human diseases. The test has been performed in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for expression of flavone synthetize gene (FNS1) and flavonoids compounds in cumin. 18-day-old cumin seedlings were treated. They were harvested in times of 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after the stress treatment of manganese. FNS1 gene expression and composition of flavonoids and anthocyanin were measured by RT-PCR and spectrophotometer respectively. The results showed that the highest amount of gene expression, flavonoids amounts and anthocyanin were observed at 2nd day after manganese stress. The results suggests that the content of FNS1 expression, flavonoids and anthocyanin, especially during the 2 days of stress, after oxidative stress which resulting from the absorption of the active element of the system of antioxidant plant
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Estimation of Genotype by Environment Interaction and Pattern Analysis of Genotype in Varied Bread wheat Lines Under Salinity Stress Condition
92
80
FA
The objectives of present study was analyzing genotype by environment (GE) interaction on the grain yields of 97promising bread wheat lines (Triticum aistivum L. (along with three control varieties under salt stress and normal conditions using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model .The trials were conducted at four research locations including Yazd and Mahan of Kerman (normal conditions) and Ardakan and Ekhtiarabad of Kerman (salt stress conditions). Based on results of AMMI analysis, main effect due to E and GE interaction as well as two first interaction principal components were found to be significant (P <0.99). AMMI biplots were able to distinguish specific and widely-adapted genotypes, as well as environments with high resolution. Lines 44, 50, 55, 83, 95 in compare with under studied check varieties with the lowest contribution to GE interaction and highest mean yield were introduced as the most stable genotypes, lines 26, 53, 67 and 79 were highly adapted to normal conditions of Mahan and the lines including 14, 21, 32, 36, 45, 58 and 74 were highly adapted to salt stress conditions of Kerman.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Evaluation of Fresh and Dry Forage Yield Stability of Forage Sorghum Varieties (Sorghum bicolo L. moench) in Different Conditions
101
93
FA
This study was conducted to estimate stability of yield in forage sorghum varieties for identifying varieties with combine stability and high yield potential across two cropping conditions. Thus, seven forage sorghum varieties were evaluated for three years under two cropping conditions including spring (E1) and summer (E2) cropping, using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Combined analysis of variance showed that environments, genotypes and genotype-by-environment (GE) interaction effects were highly significant, suggesting that the studied varieties differently responded to changes happened in environment. Genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analysis explained 94.8% and 76.5% of the fresh and dry forage yield variation due to GGE, respectively. The GGE biplot analysis ranked varieties for stability of performance as NECTAR≈CHOPPER≈KFS2>KFS3>KFS1 for fresh forage yield and PACIFICBMR>KFS1>KFS2 for dry forage yield, whereas NECTAR and KFS3 varieties and NECTAR and SPEEDFEED varieties had the highest fresh and dry forage yield, respectively. Based on genotype and genotype × environment interaction variation, variety NECTAR in both spring and summer cropping conditions for fresh forage yield, while for dry forage yield, variety SPEEDFEED in spring cropping condition and NECTAR in summer cropping condition showed as superior varieties with high specific adaptation. Based on a hypothetical ideal genotype, varieties NECTAR was better than other varieties across environments for yield and stability with wide adaptation.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Agro-Morphological Traits Variation in Some Lentil Landrace Cultivars from Northwest of Iran
111
102
FA
Lentil is one of the most important pulse crops. It is cultivated in many parts of the world as well as in Iran. A comprehensive understanding of variation between lentil landraces is very important for breeding programs. To evaluate genetic variation of 13 landraces collected from different northwest areas of Iran, an experiment was conducted including two improved varieties using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant variations among cultivars for seed yield, seed and pod number, biological yield, yield of single and couple seed in pod, number of initial branches, number of heavy-single and couple seeds in pod, number of single and couple immature seeds in pod and yield in hectare (P≤0.01). Differences among cultivars were significant for plant height and number of initial branches (P≤0.05). Results showed large variations among cultivars implying that there is potential efficiency of selection among landraces. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed for quantitative traits and determined 85.6% of the total variation using first four components. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters based on Euclidean distance following Ward’s method. The Ahmad-Abad and the Ghaia-Gheshlagh landraces were grouped in one distinct cluster and were determined as the best of cultivars even better than the improved varieties. Therefore, they can be introduced as superior cultivars.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Effect of Osmotic Stress on Some Physiological Characters of Wheat Cultivars
123
112
FA
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of osmotic stress on physiological characters of wheat cultivars as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in 2012 at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Twenty wheat cultivars studied in three stress levels (control, -6 and -12 Bars). Analysis of variance showed that the stress had significant effect on all traits, except of carotenoids, chlorophyll b and quantum yield. Comparisons of means by Duncan method at one percent probability level showed that increasing of osmotic stress increased averages of soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll a in most cultivars. But, the average of chlorophyll fluorescence, maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv) and carotenoids were decreased in more varieties such as Tajan, Gascogen, Mihan, Rasool, Gaspard and Roshan (winter type back cross) in compared with control level. Also, mean of quantum yield and chlorophyll b were greate in most varieties such as Arta and Roshan in -6 bar osmotic stress level. According to cluster analysis results based on physiological traits in control level, the varieties of Zarrin, Inia, Arta, Moghan1, Tajan and Shiroodi had high deviation from total mean for most of traits. In -6 bar osmotic stress, the varieties of Mihan, Shiroodi, Arg, Tous, Orum, Kavir, Moghan3 and Roshan (winter type back cross) and in -12 bar osmotic stress, the varieties of Mihan, Gascogen, Mihan, Moghan2 and Rasool categorized in tolerant varieties groups.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Study of Genetic Diversity of Soybean (Glycine max) using ISSR Markers
133
124
FA
Recogniting the genetic diversity and classification of inheritancepools is one of important activities in the field of breeding and maintaining genetic resources in plants. In order to assess the genetic diversity in 48 genotypes of soybean amplification of gene loci was performed by using 10 ISSR primers In Genetics and Plant Breeding laboratory, College of Agriculture andNatural Resources, University of gonbad Kavos.Among 68 amplifed fragment of caltivars were generated, 34 fragments were ploymorphic.The number of polymorphic bands per primer varied from 2 to 5 and the most of polymorphic bands was related to PRI-4. Pic values varied between 0.147 to 0.058 and the marker indexwasbetween 8.39 to 1.56, for primers. The highest and lowest percentage of polymorphic belonged to primer PRI-2 (66.66) and primer PRI-5 (28.57). Primer PRI-5 showed the maximum value of Shanon index (0.678) and primer PRI-1 had the lowest Shanon index with a value of 0.467. The greatest amount of genetic variation was observed in primer PRI-5 with value of 0.485 and the lowest genetic diversity in primer PRI-1 with value 0.3. The highest number of effective alleles obtained for primer PRI-5 with a value of 1.943 and a minimal number of effective allels for primer PRI-1 with a value of 1.479. Maximum level ofmarker index obtained forprimer PRI-6 with value of 8.39 which indicating a higher resolution of this primer than the otherand the lowest was observed in primer PRI-5 with a value of 1.65. Culaster analysis method UPGAM and jacards similarity coefficient grouped 48 genotypes in four separate groups.The result showed ISSR marker is amarker system for detecion of high levels of polymorphism and can be usedto investigation genetic diversity and breeding program in soybean.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Identification of Superiorvarieties of Cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) under Drought Stress and normal Conditions using GGEBiplot and GTBiplotmethod in Birjand
144
134
FA
The purpose of present study was identifying superior cotton varieties (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) under drought stress and normal conditions using GGEBiplot and GTBiplot. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 treatments under normal and stress conditions in the research station of Birjand University in 2013-2014. Cotton genotypes were: Armaghan, Oltan, Bakhtegan, Sahel, Soyecra, Shirpan603, Khordad, Deltapyn25, Mehr, Varamin, N-200, SB35, SP371, 84-39-T3. In evaluation of genotypes among traits using GTBiplot the genotype Deltapine25 was recognized as superior genotype under stress, normal and both normal and stress environments conditions for most traits including yield and yield components. Comparison of genotypes using GGEbiplot based on cotton yield showed that the genotype Deltapine25was also superior cultivar under normal and stress conditions. Based on polygons GGEbiplot, Deltapine25 and Khordad were detected as high performance genotype under both normal and stressenvironments. Also, based no cotton yield GGEbiplot introduced the Deltapine25 as an ideal genotypes.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Evaluation of Genetic Relationship and Identification of Specific Markers for Safflower and its Wild Relatives Existing in Iran
152
145
FA
The wild relatives are important sources of genes for some desirable traits and adaptation to environmental conditions that can be exploited to enrich the cultivated safflower gene pool. In this study, genetic relationship and finding chance of specific markers between three species of the genus Carthamus, including tinctorius, lanatus and oxyacantha were evaluated by 9 ISSR primers. The separation of bands was perfomed on agarose and polyacrylamide gels. Using the nine ISSR primers, 169 bands that 96.5% of them showed polymorphism were produced. In general, 40 specific bands were identified that most of them were produced by primers 5 and 6 and C. tinctorius with 20 bands had the highest number. For two species C. lanatus and C. oxyacantha 12 and 8 bands were identified, respectively. In terms of the ability of producing inter-species polymorphism, the average number of polymorphic bands generated by primers was 18.33 and the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) was obtained by primer 1. The results of similarity matrix showed that the highest similarity existed among cultivated safflower and C. oxyacantha. The cluster analysis based on Jacard coefficient with UPGMA separated the samples into three groups which each group were belonged to one species. Using the identified specific markers, the taxonomy and differentiation of the species of Carthamus were feasible with high precision and without the need for morphological evaluations. The results of this research also help to increase the efficiency of gene transfer from wild relatives to cultivated species.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Association Mapping and Sequential Path Model for Studying Interrelationships Among Yield and Related Characters in Confectionery Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
162
153
FA
This study was carried out in order to examine the contrastive relationship between seed yield and agro-morphological traits in confectionery sunflowers at molecular and phonotypical level via association mapping and sequential path model. In this study, 50 confectionery sunflower populations gathered from different regions of country were studied in completely randomized design with ten replications under pot conditions in 2012-2013. Some traits including flowering date, physiological maturity date, number of leaves, leaf length, petiole length, leaf width, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, head dry weight, aerial part dry weight, harvest index, 100-seeds weight, single seed weight, dehulled kernel weight, dehulled kernel weight to whole kernel weight ratio, seed length, seed width, and seed dry weight per plant were measured and calculated. Path analysis revealed direct effects of head dry weight and head diameter on seed yield. Based on Bayesian model, the whole confectionery sunflower populations were classified into three sub-populations. In order to identify molecular markers associated with gene controlling agro-morphological traits variation, association mapping was carried out via mixed linear model (MLM). Some common makers were identified among yield and agro-morphological traits; six common loci between seed yield and 100-seeds weight, one common locus between head diameter and head dry weight, head dry weight and dehulled kernel weight to whole kernel weight ratio, seed width and 100-seeds weight, leaf width and head dry weight, leaf width and seed yield. Identification of common markers between yield and agro-morphological traits confirm the correlations observed at the phenotypic level.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Study of Genetic Diversity of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Genotypes Via Multivariate Analysis
169
163
FA
This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of alfalfa genotypes by multivariate analyses using agronomic and morphological traits. For this purpose, 20 alfalfa genotypes with local control Baghdadi was considered as the first factor and three harvest was used as the second factor. This experiment was performed to split plot at the time in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 at the College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar. Correlation results showed the most significant positive correlation between forage yield and dry matter yield (0.95**). Two traits forage yield and days to 50% flowering, versus dry matter yield entered in the model using stepwise regression. Principal component analysis showed that 63% of total variance was justified by the first two components. Biplot and cluster analysis results of under study were classified into three groups. In the first group, including lines KFA1, KFA2, KFA3, KFA5, KFA6, KFA7, KFA11, KFA13, KFA17 Baghdadi variety were desirable for high forage yield. In the second group there were lines KFA8, KFA9, KFA10, KFA12, KFA15 and KFA16 that had low forage yield and quality. The third group were includes cultivars of Bami Garmsiri, Yazdi Garmsiri and Nikshahri Garmsiri that had desirable quality forage. Results of discriminant function showed that 100% of genotypes were belong to their own group.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Genetic Relationships of Rapeseed Cultivars Revealed by RAPD Markers
177
170
FA
Limited geographic area and focused modification of rapeseed during of its breeding cases have been led to the limited genetic basis. So, the evaluation of genetic diversity in modern cultivars of canola to estimating and maintain of genetic resources is essential. In this study, the genetic diversity of 45 genotypes of rapeseed was investigated using 12 RAPD markers .Cluster analysis by Dice coefficient and non-nearest neighbor method (NJ) divided genotypes into seven main groups. The total variation was 0.662. Polymorphism information index (PIC) was from 0.158 to 0.483 and mean of 0.346. The total number of alleles amplified was 68 with average of 5.66 alleles per marker. The percentage of polymorphism for all markers was one hundred percent. These markers could represent a unique band for Oligo 213 primer in Hyola 420 genotype. It seems that more attention to genetic diversity of studied genotypes, based on primers used can use as a source for further research in modification of rapeseed to achieve goals such as more heterosis in hybrids.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Estimates of Heritability for Oil and Protein Content of Grain in Confectionary Sunflower Landraces under Different Levels of Irrigations
184
178
FA
In order to investigate the genetic diversity and the heritability of oil and protein content of grain in confectionary sunflower under different water availability, 56 local populations were studied in three separate experiments with rectangular lattice design (7×8) with two replications at Agricultural Research Center of West-Azerbaijan province, Urmia, Iran in 2012. Water treatments were well-watered, moderate and severe water stress conditions so that irrigation was applied after 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of available water, respectively. The results showed that in all three different water treatment conditions, heritability of oil and protein percentage was more in comparion with other traits. In well-watered conditions, the heritability was between 0.77 for grain protein yield and 0.99 for oil and protein percentage. In moderate drought stress conditions, the maximum and minimum heritability was related to oil and protein percentage (0.99) and achene diameter (0.66), respectively. In severe drought stress conditions, the heritability varied between 0.85 for achene diameter 0.99 to for oil and protein percentage. In three different environments of Irrigation, the maximum genetic variation and minimum environmental variance of traits was obtained by grain oil and protein percentage. In all three irrigation conditions, the most phenotypic, genetic and environmental variance was associated with grain protein yield trait.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Analysis of Stability and Adoptability of Forage Yield among Silage Corn Hybrids
191
185
FA
The objectives of this study were to analyze genotype by environment (GE) interactions effects on the forage yield of 8 corn hybrids by computing AMMI analysis and evaluating genotype (G), environments (E) and GE interactions using stability parameter i.e., AMMI stability value(ASV) and Wrick,s ecovalance (W2i). Experiments were conducted at five regions (karaj, Neysahbur, Gorgan, Brojerd and Isfahan Research Station), during 2005-2006 crop season. The result’s of AMMI analysis for forage yield indicated that the Genotype (G) main effects, environment (E) and GE interactions as well as three first interaction principal components (IPCA1-3) were significant. AMMI biplot was able to distinguish stable genotypes and environments with high discrimination ability from low one,s. AMMI ANNOVA selected different hybrids for each regions: No. 5, 8 and 1 for Karaj , 5, 2 and 8 for Neyshabur, 1 and 5 for Gorgan, 8, 5and 1 for Brojerd and finally hybrids No. 5, 8 and 2 for Isfahan. According to the AMMI analysis and the parameters investigated, genotype 5, with forage yield higher than grand mean, was the most stable hybrid and with high adaptation to the environment was studied, meanwhile Hybrids No. 7 and 8 had the greatest influence on the interaction but were the unstable genotypes tested in all years and areas.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes, using Biplot Analysis
202
192
FA
Drought is one of the major environmental stresses that adversely affect crop growth and productivity worldwide. For evaluation of drought stress on grain yield, yield components and drought tolerance indices, 20 genotype of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was studied in an experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in two different conditions (stress and non-stress). Result of mean comparision showed significant difference among all genotypes for all traits. Losses in grain yield, thousand grain weight and water use efficiency due to drought stress was more than other traits. In this study, geometric mean productivity index (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), harmonic mean index (HAM) and stress tolerance index (STI) showed high correlation with grain yield in normal and drought stress conditions. In present research, GT-biplot approach was applied for grouping and detection drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes. Biplot diagram based on interaction of genotype × trait (tolerance index) indicated that genotype Zarfam is the most stable genotype for non-stress and drought stress conditions, and in other hand Talent and Talye genotypes were identified as the most sensitive genotypes to drought stress condition. Hence, the statistical model of GT-biplot could provide useful information for evaluation of drought-tolerance canola genotypes in water deficit stress condion.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Comparative Study of two Different Cytokinins on Direct Regeneration of Different Sugar beet Explants in Tissue Culture Condition
208
203
FA
Molecular genetic techniques hold great promise to battle various plant biotic and abiotic stresses. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important recalcitrant crop plants in terms of applying genetic engineering techniques, especially transformation. In an attempt to investigate and optimize sugar beet tissue culture for plant transformation, a 3´2´2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates and 10 explants each, was performed in the laboratory. The factors were three types of explants including, Lamina, petiole and shoot base buds, two types of media, namely A (Kinetin 1mgL-1, BA 0. 5mgL-1) and B (Kinetin 0. 5mgL-1, BA 1mgL-1) and two sugar beet (SBSI-04 and SBSI-02) lines. Results of analysis of variance on percentage of germination showed that the effect of type of explant, line and explant ´ line interaction were highly significant (P£0. 01). Duncan’s multiple-range test (P£0. 01), was used to compare the mean values. Result of mean analysis showed that there was no significant difference between shoot base buds of both line with that of SBSI-04 lamina. Furthermore, there was no significant (P³0. 05) difference between lamina from SBSI-04 and that of SBSI-02 line. Lamina explants from SBSI-04 showed the lowest percentage of shoot base buds production in comparison to other explants.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Effect of Accelerated Aging on Germination Indices of Promising Lines of Canola (Brasica napus L.)
217
209
FA
Accelerated aging test to estimate the percentage of emergence are designed to lay the seeds for life, as well as an indicator to determine the power of the seed used. In this study, the effects of aging zero (control), 2, 4 and 6 days on germination index of rapeseed genotypes including Okapi, R15, BAL11, L109, BAL2 Were detected in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed that the effect of accelerated aging on germination of genotypes was significant at p<0.01 probability level. Interaction effects of accelerated aging and genotypes indicated that line L109 in 0 and two days old had 98% and 75% germinations, respectively. Line L109 with vigor index 4.28% and 4.21% compared to treatment with two days of the accelerated aging with the highest average with 2.57 and 1.51 had the lowest percentage of line R15 and six treatments day was accelerated aging. Yielded the interaction of accelerated aging (p<0.05) on mean daily germination was significant. The average stem length of the interaction lines L109 and two days old by 3.6 cm compared with the control. The lowest root length in lines R15 and six days old, was seen by 3.5 cm. Evaluation of the final tests showed that the seed germination of canola cultivars that have strong vigor had were less affected accelerated aging tests and whatever vigor is poor, are more sensitive to this stresses.
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
8
19
2017
1
1
Investigation of Path and Correlation Analysis of Pattern and Plant Densities Effect on Two Rapeseed Cultivars
227
218
FA
In order to investigate the relationships between major agronomy traits and grain yield in rapeseed, two apetalous flowers (Hylite201) and petalled (Hyola401) rapeseed cultivars were planted in three plant densities and two planting patterns was carried out in a split plot-factorial design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran at Rasht during 2005-2006 cropping seasons. Yield and yield component traits were measured in all treatment. Results showed that there were significant differences between the measured traits which denoted a high rate of variation in rapeseed cultivars. Yield had a significant positive correlation with number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of lateral branches in each of the conditions of pattern, cultivars type and plant density, while had a significant negative correlation with plant height. The correlation between yield and yield component was different in various conditions that showed the effect of conditions. Stepwise regression analysis in each condition indicated that special trait entered to the model as effective traits to explain total grain yield variation. Results of path coefficient analysis at different conditions also showed that number of pods per plant in most conditions of studied had the highest direct effect and the lowest indirect effect through other trait on grain yield, so considered the major traits in grain yield enhancement in the most conditions.