دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Validation of Candidate Markers Drought Tolerance in Soybean Genotypes under Normal and Drought Stress Condition
1
13
FA
N
Y
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.1
The validity test of the linked markers to identified QTLs is as a necessary step before performing marker assisted selection. In the present study were conducted validity test of 21 microsatellite markers associated to drought tolerance using 121 soybean varieties and advanced lines and planting in two condition normal and under drought stress at two regions Rasht and Gonbad-Kavous. In investigation of population genetic diversity, the average of allele number per marker, 5.53 alleles and average of polymorphic information content (PIC), Nei genetic diversity coefficient (H) and Shannon index (I) were estimated 0.73, 0.77 and 1.57 respectively that high values of these statistics shows their ability to separate studied varieties and lines. The structure and cluster analysis based on bayesian approach and neighbor joining method assigned the cases to three subpopulation and three groups respectively. The association analysis between microsatellite markers and yield related traits using GLM and MLM by three statistic models revealed Satte454, Satt345, Satte210, Sat_292, Satt142, Satt339, Satt249 and Satt458 were confirmed in this genetic background and identified as the most effective markers. The highest percent of variation explanation were dedicated to Sat_292 and Satt454 with more than 18 percent variation explanation of seed weight in all plant pods in normal and drought condition respectively.
Cluster analysis, Genetic diversity, Marker assisted selection, Microsatellite,
Structure analysis
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Assessment of Genetic Diversity for some Candidate Edible Seed Watermelon Genotypes using SSR Markers and Morphological Traits
14
22
FA
Fereshteh
Honari
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Saeid
Vessal
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Y
Nad Ali
Babaean Jelodar
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Nad ali
Bagheri
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.14
Edible seed watermelon is a cash crop in rain-fed condition in Khorasan provinces, with little research paid to it yet. In this study, genetic variation was evaluated among five candidate genotypes of edible seed watermelon, along with one commercial cultivar (Crimson Sweet) using 10 microsatellite primers (SSR) as well as morphological studies. 14 morphological traits were evaluated and analyzed during 45 days of early plant growth. Principal Components Analysis on morphological data could separate the genotypes into three distinct groups, including C1 and C14 genotypes in one group, C8 and SW in the next and C2 and C5 in the third one. For molecular analysis, genomic DNA was extracted and amplified further by the primers, followed by electrophoresis of the products. A total of 76 clear alleles were produced, of which 42 were polymorphic alleles. Average number of polymorphic alleles per locus was 6, ranging from 2 to 8. Polymorphic information content (PIC) varied within 0.46 to 0.85. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) algorithm classified the genotypes into three main clusters. C2 and C5 genotypes placed separately in different cluster that represents high genetic distance from the other genotypes. In this dendrogram, a very close genetic relationship was found between C8 and C14 genotypes. The scatter plot of genotypes based on Jaccard's correlation coefficient and Cophenetic correlation also confirmed a significant genetic difference between both C2 and C5 genotypes compared with other genotypes. The data from this experiment suggested a considerable diversity in terms of morphological and molecular aspects among the genotypes, which is very crucial for selection and breeding purposes in this crop.
Cophenetic Correlations, Edible seed watermelon, Genetic diversity, Jaccard's
similarity coefficient, Microsatellite, Morphological traits
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-836-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-836-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Aeluropus Littoralis using Transferable EST-Based Microsatellite Markers
23
30
FA
Maryam
Meidansari
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Ghorbanali
Nematzadeh
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Najmeh
Nasiri
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Ehsan
Shokri
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
Y
10.29252/jcb.9.22.23
Aeluropus littoralis is one the most successful monocot grasses in terms of high salinity tolerance, that contains forage quality and has valuable physiological features. The goal of this study is to introduce and provide quick access to DNA-based molecular markers for valuable halophyte, Aeluropus littoralis to assessment of genetic diversity. For this, a total number of 110 EST-SSR markers derived from wheat, rice and barley were amplified using A.littoralis genomic DNA to identify markers were being transferable. Accordingly, the total transferability of gramineous EST-SSR markers in A.littoralis was calculated about 44 %. This result showed that gramineous SSRs pool can be used easily for development of molecular markers in the valuable related species by spending less time and cost.Then, 12 pairs of transferable markers were used to evaluate the effectiveness of identifying markers in diversity assessment and genetic clustering of A. littoralis plants. Overall, 74 alleles of which over 90% were polymorphic were detected with an average of 6.1 alleles per marker. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.26 to 0.38 with an average of 0.33. Cluster analysis using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) and Dice´s coefficient similarity grouped the Aeluropus ecotypes into seven groups. In this regard, ecotypes were rather separated in terms of geographical distances and the polymorphism among individuals and differences between groups was highly consistent with visual observations and variation of samples.
Aeluropus littoralis, EST-SSR, Genetic diversity, Transferability
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Identification of Informative ISSR Marker Linked to Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) at Adult Growth Stage
31
40
FA
Masoumeh
Ahmadi
Ilam University
N
Arash
Fazeli
Ilam University
Y
Ali
Arminian
Ilam University
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.31
Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. Sp. Hordei) is one of the most destructive foliar diseases in barley that cause yield reduction worldwide. DNA molecular markers can be used to study the genetic diversity and better understanding of genetic predisposition to disease resistance to powdery mildew in barley at early growth stage. Selection of resistance and tolerance need to identify molecular markers associated with disease. In present study, genetic and phenotypic variations and also molecular markers linked to tolerance to powdery mildew in 34 of cultivated and wild barley genotypes were investigated. Using 16 ISSR ma rkers in total amplified 125 alleles that 124 (99.27%) of that were identified as polymorphic alleles. Number of amplified alleles ranged from 5 to 10 with an average 7.93 was different for each primer. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) were varied from 0.17 (15) to 0.44 (LBMB-B) and also Molecular Index (MI) varied from 0.84 (primer No. 809) to 3.85 (UBC836). Resistance and susceptible genotypes show the highest genetic distance, however, resistance and tolerant genotypes show the lowest genetic distance. Multiple regression analysis (stepwise) between trait resistances amplified 125 alleles identified six fragments 1000 bp (primer No. 826), 700 bp (LBMB), 1500 bp (ISSR10), 300 bp (primer No. 826), 1000 bp (UBC840) and 1000 bp (primer No. 12), respectively. Results indicated that ISSR markers are suitable for screening of barley germplasm tolerant to powdery mildew disease.
Barley, Genetic diversity, ISSR markers, Powdery mildew, Resistance
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-839-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Study of the Inheritability of Morphological Traits in some Barley Genotypes
(Hordeum vulgare) by Analysis Diallel Crosses
41
52
FA
Sakineh
Pesaraklu
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
N
Hassan
Soltanloo
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
Y
Sanaz
Ramezanpour
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
N
Mehdi
Kalateh Arabi
Agriculture Research Station, Gorgan Agriculture Research Station, Gorgan
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.41
Barleys one of the important four major crops in the world after wheat, corn and rice. About 2.16 million hectare of arable land was cultivated by barely in 2011-2012. In order to investigate heritability and gene action was used barely half-diallel of 7 × 7 in some barley-related yield traits. For this purpose were used in 6 barley genotypes with Sahra variety (the native desert). Tests carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of gorgan (Iraqi Research Station neighborhood) 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 years. The traits were of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, spike weight, grain weight, 1000 grain weight, spikelet number, plant height, spike length, peduncle length and days to maturity. The results showed significant mean square of parents and crosses for all traits. Therefore, performed genetic analysis for traits In most of the traits was estimated to be non-additive variance greater than additive, also, calculation of average degree of dominance indicated for all traits except spike lengthover dominance genes effect, graphical analysis that confirmed it. Broad sense heritability not so high for traits, So phenotypic selection is not an appropriate method and the results will not be consolidated in next generations. So, hybridization will be more effective method of selection for traits in order to achieve the objectives of the reform. 166/352 genotypes for temperate regions has the highest average seed number and weight of grains per spike and the highest average seed number and weight of grains per spike and 166/352×283/352 crosses have become the highest average grain yield related traits.
Barley, Diallel cross, Genetic analysis, Inheritance
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-840-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Identification of Effective Traits on the Yield in bean Genotypes using Multivariate Statistical Methods
53
62
FA
Ali Asghar
Ghanbari
Agronomy Dept., Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
N
Hamid
Mozafari
Agronomy Dept., Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Y
Hossein
Hassanpour Darvishi
Agronomy Dept., Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.53
To investigate some quantitative and qualitative traits of genotypes a field study was performed as augmented experiment consisting four checks (Sadri, Koosha, KS21676 and KS21682) and138 genotypes. Vegetative, morphological and agronomical characteristics as well as traits related to pod and seed were studied. Statistical analysis showed that number of seeds per plant and plant height had the greatest variations. Genotypes had significant differences in all growth stages, yield and yield components. Correlation analysis revealed that five traits including days to emergence of the first trifoliate leaf (V3), plant height, plant type, seeds per pod and grain marketing were significantly correlated with grain yield. Five traits entered into the model based on stepwise regression analysis that were plant type, seeds per pod, grain filling duration (GFD), V3 and grain marketing. Path analysis results indicated a high direct effect of plant type on grain yield. Due to available direct effects, it was recommended seeds per pod, GFD, V3 and grain marketing for breeding programs. Overall, due to path analysis results, can be said that the characteristics plant type, seeds per pod and GFD were the most effective direct factors in grain yield variations. Factor analysis using principal component method showed that seven main factors explained more than 76% of the total variation.
Factor analysis, Grain filling duration, Path analysis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Plant type
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-842-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-842-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Response of Root Characteristics and Dry Matter Partitioning in 40 Improved and Local Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Deficit Irrigation
63
72
FA
Seyedeh Arhameh
Fallah-Shamsi
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Hemmatollah
Pirdashti
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
Y
Aliakbar
Ebadi
Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
N
Masoud
Esfahani
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gilan
N
Mahmood
Raeini
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.63
Nowadays, the root characteristics as one of secondary traits along with grain yield are used to response evaluation of rice genotypes under deficit irrigation. Thus, to evaluate the root traits of 40 irrigated rice genotypes to water limited condition a pot experiment was performed in 2014 at Rice Research Institute (Rasht), Iran. Irrigation treatment was applied in two levels include control (traditional irrigation) and deficit irrigation (withholding irrigation at the booting stage). The results showed that deficit irrigation reduced root length from closely 45 to 28 cm, root area from 190 to 117 cm2 and root area density from closely 6 to 4 cm2cm-3. Under deficit irrigation, average of paddy yield and panicle weight decreased 25% and 18.5%, respectively. In this condition, root dry weight decreased, in other hand the shoot dry weight increased from 42.7 to 49.4 g. Genotypes classification carried out based on studied traits by the Ward's Minimum Variance test in both conditions (control and deficit irrigation) that separated the genotypes into four and three groups, respectively. In both situations, groups with lower amount for root traits had the higher paddy yield. Accordingly in deficit irrigation conditions, group III include 19 genotypes such as Gohar, Shiroudi and Khazar with low amount for root characteristics, had paddy yield higher than other groups. Comparison of groups showed that significant variation of root dry weight, shoot dry weight, panicle weight and paddy yield (about +21, +14, -19 and -14%, respectively) in local genotypes compare with improved genotypes. Therefore, it seems that although priorities of crop improvement in studied genotypes were to allocate more dry matter from the root to the shoot, but considerable diversity existed in terms of dry matter partitioning to different organs under deficit irrigation.
Cluster analysis, Dry matter Partitioning, Root dry weight to biomass ratio, Root
volum
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-844-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-844-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
The Effects of Ultrasound on Multiple Shoot Regeneration from Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa) Shoot Apex
73
81
FA
Leyli
Honarmand
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
N
Nasser
Zare
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Y
Rasool
Asghari-Zakaria
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
N
Parisa
Sheikhzade Mosadegh
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
N
Ali
Asghar Askari
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.73
Ultrasound has multiple industrial, medical and biotechnological applications. Ultrasound increases membrane permeability and causes several biological effects in plant cells. In this research, the effects of ultrasound on survival and growth of the sainfoin shoot apex explants were investigated. For this, shoot apex explants were exposed to ultrasonic waves (Frequency 37 kHz) for 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 seconds in a ultrasonic bath and then cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA and 3 mg/l BAP. Results showed that the percentage of shooting (explants with shoot growth) significantly reduced by ultrasound treatment, but percentage of multiple shoots, number of shoots per explants and percentage of callusing significantly increased. Control treatment (without ultrasound) showed the highest percentage of shooting with the lowest callus induction and percentage of explants vitrification. The highest percentage of callus induction (60.98% and 61.11%) was observed in higher sonication dosages (180 and 240 seconds). While, the highest percentage of multiple shoots, number of shoots per explants and percentage of explants vitrification were obtained in 30 seconds ultrasound treatment. Increasing ultrasound treatment duration decreased viability of plant cells and tissues, and as a result reduced shooting of explants
In vitro culture, Regeneration, Sainfoin, Ultrasound
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-846-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-846-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Evaluation of Recombinant Pure Lines of Lentil under Drought Stress
82
97
FA
Mohammad Hassan
Rahimi
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord
Y
Saadollah
Houshmand
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord
N
Mahmoud
Khodambashi
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord
N
Behrouz
Shiran
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord
N
Shahram
Mohammadi
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.82
Lentil with high protein (up to 28%), low price and good taste, have a very important role in the human diet and known as one of the most important plants in in semi-arid and dry regions. So it seems necessary to identifing the varieties that are drought tolerant. In order to identifying drought tolerant lines in 168 recombinant pure lines derived from crosses between Hindi variety of L3685 (High yield, stand-up habit and early maturity) as the female parent and Iranian variety of Qazvin (sleeping growth habit and late maturity) as male parents, an experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications under normal and drought stress conditions at experimental field of Shahrekord University in 2013-14. The results of combined analysis revealed that the differences between lines were significant in all studied traits except seed diameter (P≤0.01). The differences between normal and stress conditions and also interaction of line × stress were significant for all traits except day to flowering and seed diameter. Drought stress had the maximum effect on pod weight, seed yield and pod number and reduced them 54%, 45.3% and 42.25%, respectively, compared to the normal condition. 160, 125, 48, 129 and 103 Lines were identified as superior in terms of seed yield, biological yield, days to flowering nd pod number per plant. Correlation analysis revealed that the relationship between yield with biological yield, pod number per plant and pod weight per plant was significantly positive in two conditions, while its correlation with days to maturity was significantly negative. Stepwise regression in both environments for seed yield, showed the important and determining role of biological yield and days to maturity. The results of present study showed that identification of the high-yielding lines in normal and stress conditions and drought tolerant lines is possible. The biological yield, days to maturity, number of pods and weight per plant are very important to selection for high grain yield.
Agro-morphological diversity, Drought stress, Lentil, Pure line, Stepwise regression
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-848-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-848-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Estimation of Genes Effect and Combining Ability of Agronomic Traits in Some Bread Wheat Varieties under Drought Stress
98
108
FA
Ali
Eftekhari
Graduate University of Advanced Technology
Y
Amin
Baghizadeh
Graduate University of Advanced Technology
N
Roohollah
Abdoshahi
University of Shahid Bahonar, Kerman
N
Mohammad Mahdi
Yaghoubi
Graduate University of Advanced Technology
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.98
Drought is one of the main dangers for optimum production of wheat. Achieving optimal results in breeding programs require to make informed choices of parents based on general and specific combining ability.In order to study the genetic characteristics, general and specific combining abilities and gene actions under drought stress conditions, a half diallel cross including 9 varieties of wheat was used. Seeds of parents and F2 hybrids were planted based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Shahid Bahonar University in autumn of 1392. Parents and F2 progenies were compared in a number of agronomic traits such as plant height,days to maturity,spike length,peduncle length,seed weight,flag leaf area and grain yield. Diallel results based on method 2 of Griffing B model and Hayman _ Jinks showed that general combining ability was significant for seed weight, plant height, days to maturity, peduncle length in statistical level of 1% and for the other traits at 5% statistical level and specific combining ability was significant for seed weight, plant height and grain yield in statistical level of 1% and for the other traits at 5% statistical level.The ratio of mean square of gca to sca was significant for all traits except of grain yield.Therefore, in grain yield most genetic variation is belonged to non-additive genetic variances. The broad and narrow sense heritabilities for the studied traits had ranged from 55 to 74 and from 32 to 61 percent, respectively. The Hayman _ Jinks graphical analysis showed plant height, days to maturity and grain yield controlling by over dominance gene actions however the other traits was controlled by relative dominance gene actions.
Bread wheat, Diallel analysis, Drought stress, Gene action, Hertability
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-852-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-852-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Evaluation Salt Tolerance in Earliness Genotypes of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at Seedling Stage
109
116
FA
Mohsen
Fathi Sadabadi
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
Y
Golam Ali
Ranjbar
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Mohammad Reza
Zangi
Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
N
Seyed Kamal
Kazemi Tabar
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Hamid
Najafi Zarini
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.109
In order to evaluate salt tolerance in seedling stage, seeds of 11 hybrid and new varieties of cotton, compared to commercial cultivars of Golestan as control were planted in pot. Factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Cotton Research Institute of Iran in 2014. The first factor was salinity levels and the second factor was 12 genotypes. The characteristics were included: germination percentage, seedling height, seedling fresh and dry weight, dry weight of shoot and also water in root and stem tissue was observed among genotypes. The results showed that the genotypes studied traits measured showed significant differences at 1% or 5%. Different level of salt water reduce plant high and length of shoot and root. Irrigation of pots by salt water decreased root and stem weight, while among genotypes studied SB8 was superior the percentage of germination, shoot length, root fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings in view of other genotypes and 8S26, S29 were superior in view of shoot fresh weight and water content than control. Correlation coefficient was positive and significant between germination and stem and root length. Also, the length of the stem with other traits such as root length, root dry weight were positive and significant. Regression analysis revealed that root and shoot dry weight suitable criterion for selection is salt tolerant cultivars.
Cotton, Earliness, Genotype, Salt stress, Seedling
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-835-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-835-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Screening of some Barley Lines Against Powdery Mildew Agent and Considering of NH1 and Several Pathogenesis Related Genes in Disease Resistance
117
124
FA
Marzieh
Mehrabioun Mohammadi
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Valiollah
Babaeizad
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
Y
Heshmatollah
Rahimian
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
N
Shahpor
Ebrahim Nejad
Plant breeding in Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.117
Barley is one of the most important cereals in animal nutrition and it has a role as a substitute source of wheat and rice in diet nutrition. This product is always exposed to damaging factors such as pests and diseases which lead to reduce yield and quality. The Powdery mildew agent, as a biotrophic fungus, seriously causes damage in some barley plantation areas. Similar to other plants, barley employs diverse mechanisms against the disease based on proteins and other antimicrobial agents such as pathogenesis- related proteins which have essential roles in disease resistance. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses were conducted on some barley genotypes after challenge inoculation with Blumeria graminis f.sp hordei (Bgh), the causal agent of powdery mildew. For this purpose, 11 barley cultivars were selected for initial screening. Result from data analysis showed that Mb-86-5 was the most susceptible cultivar and in Avt/Attiki, Ceres, BIR, L.1242, Yousef, Nosrat, Mahoor, Comp-1-71E and Rihane-03 cultivars, the rate of Bgh colony number significantly decreased when compared to susceptible Cv. The susceptibility rate between Beecher and Mb-86-5 was not significant. Determination of the genes expression involving in disease resistance, carried out on one- week old seedling. For all samples total RNAs were extracted. Molecular investigation showed that PR1, PR5, NH1, POX genes enhanced significantly in resistant cultivar Ceres when compared to Mb-86-5 susceptible genotype. Results of this study indicate that the mentioned genes are involved in powdery mildew disease resistance in Ceres barley genotype.
Barley, Powdery mildew, PR Proteins, Interaction, Real time PCR
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-837-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-837-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Study on Genotype × Environment Interactions for Grain Yield of Oats
Genotypes using AMMI Model
125
132
FA
N
Y
10.29252/jcb.9.22.125
In order to evaluate the grain yield stability of 21 oat genotypes, 13 experiments carried out during 6 years (from 2009 to 2015) and across 4 environments in the west of Iran. Five of them were carried out by the author of this thesis during 2013-2015 using a completely randomized block design with three replications under three conditions including irrigated, drought stress and rainfed at the Research Farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resurces, Razi University, Kermanshah. Based on the results of analysis of variance for grain yield, high significant differences were detected for genotype, environments and genotype × environment interaction. Significance interaction of genotype × environment showed that the response of genotypes to the environment were different. Significance of genotype × environment interaction allowed us to perform genotype × environment interaction analysis to find stable and high yielding genotypes across experiments. Accordingly, to investigate the interaction and identify stable genotypes, AMMI model was used. According to the numerical values of the components of the interaction of genotype and their ranks it can be concluded that genotypes 6, 8, 20, 12, 18, 21 and 1 have been greater yield stability than other genotypes and also according to Ammi stability value (ASV) genotypes respectively 20, 6, 8, 1, 21, 18, 9 and 3 were determined as stable genotypes. To take account of sustainability and yield AMMI1 charts were used simultaneously. In addition to the sustainability performance of stable genotypes, genotypes 21 and 6 had higher grain yield. Thus, we can figure this genotypes to introduce a new or used in breeding programs proposes.
AMMI Model, Genotype-Environment Interaction, Oat, Yield Stability
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-841-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-841-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Study on Genetic of Chlorine Accumulation in Leaves of Oriental Tobacco
(Nicotiana tabacum L.)
133
141
FA
Y
N
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.133
Chlorine as a micronutrient has a positive effect on the quality of tobacco leaves. However, the more chlorine has adverse effects on tobacco quality. To study the genetic accumulation of chlorine in leaves of oriental tobacco, each of the two lines ‘Basma 16-10’ and ‘SPT 406’ with the low accumulation of chlorine were crossed separately with Basma S. 31 with the high accumulation of chlorine. Parents of each cross together with F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were evaluated for chlorine accumulation in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications under filed condition. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between generations for accumulation of chlorine in leaves. Therefore, generation mean analysis was performed to estimate gene actions using Chi-square and scaling tests. The Chi-square of simple three-parametric model (additive- dominance model) was significant for studied crosses that indicate the presence of non-allelic interaction in the inheritance of property of accumulation of chlorine in leaves. In ‘Basma S. 31 × Basma 16-10’ cross, the best model to explain the inheritance of chlorine accumulation is 5-parameters model with [m], [h], [i], [j] and [l] components. High and significant value of [h] compared to [d] show the importance of dominance effect in controlling trait. In ‘SPT406 × Basma S. 31’ cross, 4-parameters model with [m], [d], [i], and [l] components is the best model. The presence of [d] and [i] in the absence of [h] suggest the importance of additive genetic effects in control of chlorine. So we can say that the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of chlorine are different in studied genotypes. So, different breeding strategies are necessary to selection and modification of genotypes with low chlorine accumulation in segrigation populations.
Chlorine accumulation, Generation mean analysis, Genetic diversity, Oriental
tobacco
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Determining the Most Important Traits Affecting Grain Yield in Iranian Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Populations Based on Regression Analysis and Path Analysis
142
148
FA
Y
N
N
N
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.142
In order to determine the most important components of anise grain yield using regression analysis and path analysis, an experiment was conducted with 12 anise population in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of the agricultural faculty, University of Zanjan in 2014 and 2015. The evaluated traits were days to flowering, days to maturity, grain filling period, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, 1000-grain weight, number of umbels per plant, umbelet numbers per umbel, number of grains per umbel, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Combined analysis of variance showed significant differences between the populations from the all of studied traits. Days to maturity, number of umbels per plant, number of grains per umbel, biological yield and harvest index had significant positive correlations with grain yield. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of umbels per plant and number of grains per umbel justify 53 percent of the grain yield variations. Also, path analysis showed that direct effects include the main portion of correlation of these traits with grain yield. Since the traits have not negative relationship together, selection of anise genotypes using these two traits can be recommended to indirect improve grain yield.
Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), Indirect selection, Number of grains per umbel,
Number of umbels, Yield components
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-845-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-845-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Graphical Analysis for Grain Yield Related Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) using Diallel Crosses under Normal and Water Stress Conditions
149
157
FA
Y
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.149
This study was carried out in order to investigate the genetic structure of the F1 hybrids along with their parents (6 inbred lines) evaluated in field under normal and water stress regimes to determine the nature and magnitude of genetic variances and heritability estimates at dezful research station in safi abad, from 2012, using RCBD with three replications. Results analysis of variance showed that Variation among genotypes were highly significant for all the traits studied under both regimes. Therefore, variations were partitioned into additive and non additive components according to Hayman and Hayman & Jinks methods. It was observed that a and b components which are due to additive and dominant gene effects respectively, were significant for all studied characteristics under both conditions. Considering the average degree of dominance, as well as Vr/Wr graphs revealed that the yield potential traits like plant height, grain number in row in ear, grain row number in ear, and grain yield per plant were controlled by over dominance type of gene action, while traits like ASI, and 100-kernel weight were under the control of partial dominance with additive type of gene action under both conditions. Over-dominance for most of the parameters reveals that selection in later generations may be more effective and the selection in early generations will be more effective for the trait which is additively controlled.
Drought stress, Genetic parameters, Graphic plot, Maize
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-847-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-847-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Evaluation of Intra-Genomic Variations for Grain Yield and its components under Non-stress and Water-stress Conditions Using Wheat Chromosomal Substitution Lines
158
167
FA
Y
N
N
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.158
In order to evaluate intra-genomic variation and regression analysis of grain yield and its components using two wheat substitution lines series including substitution lines of ‘Timstein’ and ‘Red Egyptian’ into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ and their parents in a randomized complete block design with four replications under water-stress and non-stress conditions in a greenhouse at 2014. In addition, a F2 population obtained from crosses between Timstein and Chinese Spring was also included within the experiment. Significant differences were seen among substitution lines under the both conditions for all studied traits. B genome of Timstein series was more effective in controlling variances observed for biological yield than other genomes. In Red Egyptian series, genome comparisons demonstrated that D and B genome were more important in controlling the variances observed for grain yield and harvest index at non-stress and water-stress conditions, respectively. It was also determined that the genomes of these two substitution lines series did not have the same trend in controlling the variations observed for the studied traits. Stepwise regression analyses showed that yield components contributions for grain yield variance were not similar under the two conditions. So that, at non-stress condition biological yield and harvest index and at water-stress conditions the number of seeds and spikes explained a higher percentage of variations for grain yield. In general it was documented that biological yield and harvest index were entered into model in three cases out of four regression analyses and these two traits are the most stable traits in explaining the variance observed for grain yield.
Drought stress, Intra-genomic variation, Stepwise regression, Substitution lines,
Wheat
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-849-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-849-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Agronomic Traits in Iranian Wheat Landraces and Cultivars
168
177
FA
Y
N
N
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.168
In order to evaluate the genetic variability of Iranian wheat landraces and cultivars and to determine the relationship between grain yield and other traits, 313 Iranian wheat genotypes including 203 Iranian wheat landraces and 110 Iranian cultivars were planted in a three separated augmented design along with three check cultivars repeated in seven blocks in 2014 on the research field of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran. Results showed that there are significant differences among genotypes in the investigated traits. Based on the results of descriptive statistics, the landraces showed highly coefficient of variation in compare with the cultivars which reveals high phenotypic variation among the landraces. According to the results of phenotypic correlations, stepwise regression, path analysis, it can be concluded that the number of seed per spike, thousand seed weight and spike weight were the most important and effective traits affecting yield and considering that among genotypes, the biggest diversity were observed for these traits, therefore, selecting and breeding for these traits can ideally improve the grain yield. Based on cluster and canonical discriminant analysis, the investigated genotypes were grouped in three clusters. The most of the landraces were grouped in the first and third clusters and most cultivars were grouped in the second cluster which means during breeding programs, breeders have done selection for the investigated traits and it reveals the importance of these traits.
Cluster analysis, Correlation analysis, Discriminant analysis, Genetic variability,
Path analysis, Stepwise regression
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-850-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-850-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Evaluation of Intra Chromosome and Inter Hemeologous Variations for Grain Yield and Its Components under Non-Stress and Water-Stress Conditions using Wheat Chromosomal Substitution Lines
178
190
FA
Y
N
N
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.178
This study was conducted to evaluate intra-chromosome and inter hemeologous variations of grain yield and its components using two wheat substitution lines series including substitution lines of ‘Timstein’ into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ and substitution lines of ‘Red Egyptian’ into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ and their parents in a randomized complete block design with four replications under water-stress and non-stress conditions in a greenhouse. Analyses of variance indicated that significant differences exist within chromosomes and hemeologous groups for all studied traits under the both conditions. inter chromosome variations and inter hemeologous variations were significant at the level of 1 and 5 percent of probability, respectively. Homogeneity was performed using Bartlett’s and Levene’s tests for inter chromosomal and intra hemeologous variances. The results of these tests differed in water-stress conditions compared with normal ones. The results of homogeneity tests under non-stress conditions indicated that intra chromosomal homogeneity was significant for grain yield and weight of thousand grains. While under the water-stress conditions, these tests were significant for another two extra characters including harvest index and number of grains per spikelet. Similar to intra chromosome homogeneity, intra hemeologous hemogenety was also performed using Bartlett’s and Levene’s tests. Homologous groups in non-stress condition showed that the variances observed for 1000 seed weight were not homogeneous while variances observed for grain yield and harvest index were non homogeneous in the water-stress conditions. The hemeologous groups of wheat were statistically compared with each other for the characters indicated non homogenous variance using F-test. These comparisons indicated that 2 Homologous group was more effective in controlling variances observed for grain yield, harvest index and 1000 seed weight than other hemeologous groups. So it can be concluded that hemeologous grop 2 has the most important role in controlling the variance of yield and its components.
Drought stress, inter-Chromosome variation, Intra Homologous chromosomes
Variations, Substitution lines, Wheat
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-851-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-851-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
Journal of Crop Breeding
2228-6128
2676-4628
9
22
2017
9
1
Correlation between Morphological New Genotype of Rice in the West Mazandaran
191
199
FA
N
Y
N
N
10.29252/jcb.9.22.191
In order to investigate the relationship between morphological properties and choose suitable criteria for improving this research yield on ten new breeding lines and varieties of rice (control) modified rice cultivation area (Shiroodi cultivar) in the crop during 2010 in Tonekabon Rice Research Station in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that rice genotypes for all traits studied there was a significant difference in the level of one percent. Shiroodi cultivars yield and lines 1 and 2 produced the highest grain than others. Grain yield with fertile tiller number per plant and 100-grain weight was positive correlation and significant was respectively 0.66 and 0.71. The grain yield with plant length at 45 days after seedling, the tiller number, fertile till number per plant and non-fertile tiller number, flag leaf length and flag leaf width, area flag leaf, grain length, grain width, and number of grains per panicle positive correlation non-significant and with plant height treat in maturity and leaf length to width ratio, ratio of grain length to width, panicle length and distance last node non-significant negative correlation. Stepwise regression analysis results showed that the trait of 100-grain weight and a number of fertile tillers per plant had the greatest effect on grain yield increase. Path analysis result revealed that 100-grain weight can grain yield replaced in the selection for grain yield increased.
Genotype, Improve rice yield, Regression analysis, Path analysis, Correlation
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.html
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.pdf