fa بررسی ژنتیکی تجمع کلر در برگ توتون شرقی (.Nicotiana tabacum L) اصلاح نباتات، بیومتری اصلاح نباتات، بیومتری پژوهشي Research <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کلر به‌عنوان یک ریز مغذی، اثرات مثبتی در کیفیت برگ توتون دارد. بااین‌حال مقدار بیشتر کلر دارای اثرات سوء بر کیفیت توتون است. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به‌منظور</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بررسی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ژنتیکی </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تجمع کلر در برگ </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توتون شرقی (</span></span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">Nicotiana tabacum</span></span></span></em></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;"> L.</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، هر یک از دو لاین </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">&lsquo;Basma 16-10&lsquo; </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">&lsquo;SPT 406&rsquo;</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> با میزان تجمع کم کلر با رقم </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">&lsquo;Basma S.31&lsquo;</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> با میزان تجمع بیشتر کلر تلاقی یافتند. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">والدین هر تلاقی به</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">همراه نسل‌های </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">F₁</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">F₂</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">BC₁</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">BC₂</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مربوطه در</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شرایط</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مزرعه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تجمع کلر در برگ </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ارزیابی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> شدند. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حاصل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تجزیه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">واریانس</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نشان</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">داد</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">که </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تفاوت</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">معنی‌داری</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بین</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نسل‌های</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">موردبررسی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تجمع کلر در برگ</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">سطح</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">احتمال</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">1</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">درصد</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">وجود</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دارد. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تجزیه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">میانگین</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نسل‌ها به‌منظور</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برآورد</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ژن</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">با</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آزمون</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مقیاس</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">وزنی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسکور</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">انجام</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">گرفت</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">.</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> کای</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسکور</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مدل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ساده</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">سه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پارامتری</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">افزایشی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">-</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> غالبیت</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای تلاقی‌ها معنی‌دار</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شد</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">که</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حاکی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حضور</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اثرات</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">متقابل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">غیر</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اللی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توارث</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صفت</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تجمع کلر در برگ </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">است</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">.</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای تلاقی</span></span></span></strong> &nbsp;<strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">Basma 16-10 &times; </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">Basma S. 31</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بهترین مدل برای توجیه توارث صفت </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تجمع کلر در برگ </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مدل 5 پارامتری با اجزای </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[m]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[h]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[i]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[j]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[l]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> می‌باشد. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;مقدار</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بالا و</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">معنی‌دار</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[h]</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;در مقایسه با </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[d]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> حاکی از </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نقش</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مهم</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مؤلفه</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">غالبیت</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کنترل</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صفت</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در این ترکیب تلاقی است. در ترکیب تلاقی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">SPT 406 &times; Basma S. 31 </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;مدل 4 پارامتری با اجزاء </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[m]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[d]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">،</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[i] </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[l]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بهترین مدل می‌باشد. حضور </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[d]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[i]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> در غیاب </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">[h]</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بر اهمیت بیشتر اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی در این ترکیب تلاقی در کنترل صفت تجمع کلر در برگ دلالت دارد. بنابراین می‌توان گفت مکانیسم درگیر در تجمع کلر در ژنوتیپ&shy;های فوق فرق می‌کند. </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بنابراین استراتژی‌های اصلاحی متفاوتی برای گزینش و اصلاح واریته&shy;های با تجمع کم کلر از جمعیت‌های در حال تفرق هریک از تلاقی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ها لازم است.</span></span></span></strong> Chlorine as a micronutrient has a positive effect on the quality of tobacco leaves. However, the more chlorine has adverse effects on tobacco quality. To study the genetic accumulation of chlorine in leaves of oriental tobacco, each of the two lines &lsquo;Basma 16-10&rsquo; and &lsquo;SPT 406&rsquo; with the low accumulation of chlorine were crossed separately with Basma S. 31 with the high accumulation of chlorine. Parents of each cross together with F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations were evaluated for chlorine accumulation in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications under filed condition. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between generations for accumulation of chlorine in leaves. Therefore, generation mean analysis was performed to estimate gene actions using Chi-square and scaling tests. The Chi-square of simple three-parametric model (additive- dominance model) was significant for studied crosses that indicate the presence of non-allelic interaction in the inheritance of property of accumulation of chlorine in leaves. In &lsquo;Basma S. 31 <span dir="RTL">&times;</span> Basma 16-10&rsquo; cross, the best model to explain the inheritance of chlorine accumulation is 5-parameters model with [m], [h], [i], [j] and [l] components. High and significant value of [h] compared to [d] show the importance of dominance effect in controlling trait. In &lsquo;SPT406 &times; Basma S. 31&rsquo; cross, 4-parameters model with [m], [d], [i], and [l] components is the best model. The presence of [d] and [i] in the absence of [h] suggest the importance of additive genetic effects in control of chlorine. So we can say that the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of chlorine are different in studied genotypes. So, different breeding strategies are necessary to selection and modification of genotypes with low chlorine accumulation in segrigation populations. تجزیه میانگین نسل‌ها, تجمع کلر, تنوع ژنتیکی, توتون شرقی Chlorine accumulation, Generation mean analysis, Genetic diversity, Oriental tobacco 133 141 http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-265&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 رضا درویش زاده 10031947532846006400 10031947532846006400 Yes میرجواد موسوی اندزقی 10031947532846006401 10031947532846006401 No امیر فیاض مقدم 10031947532846006402 10031947532846006402 No