fa بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم بهاره پاییزه شمال ایران با استفاده از نشانگر ISSR اصلاح نباتات مولكولي اصلاح نباتات مولكولي پژوهشي Research <p dir="RTL"><strong>شناخت</strong> <strong>تنوع</strong> <strong>ژنتیکی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>طبقه‌بندی</strong> <strong>ذخایر</strong> <strong>توارثی</strong> <strong>یکی</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>فعالیت‌های</strong> <strong>مهم</strong> <strong>درزمینه‌ی</strong> <strong>به‌نژادی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>حفظ</strong> <strong>ذخایر</strong> <strong>ژنتیکی</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>گیاهان است. به‌منظور</strong> <strong>ارزیابی</strong> <strong>تنوع</strong> <strong>ژنتیکی</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>48</strong> <strong>ژنوتیپ</strong> <strong>گندم</strong><strong>،</strong> <strong>تکثیر</strong> <strong>مکان‌های</strong> <strong>ژنی</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>استفاده</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>10</strong> <strong>آغازگر</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"> ISSR </span></strong><strong>در</strong> <strong>آزمایشگاه ژنتیک</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>اصلاح</strong> <strong>نباتات</strong> <strong>دانشکده‌ی</strong> <strong>کشاورزی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>منابع</strong> <strong>طبیعی</strong> <strong>دانشگاه</strong> <strong>گنبدکاووس</strong> <strong>&nbsp;در سال 1393 انجام</strong> <strong>شد. از</strong> <strong>تعداد</strong> <strong>62</strong> <strong>نوار</strong> <strong>تولید</strong> <strong>شده در</strong> <strong>کل ژنوتیپ</strong><strong>‌ها</strong><strong>،</strong> <strong>41</strong> <strong>نوار</strong> <strong>چند</strong> <strong>شکل</strong> <strong>بودند. تعداد</strong> <strong>نوارهای</strong> <strong>چند</strong> <strong>شکل</strong> <strong>از</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"> 2 </span></strong><strong>تا</strong> <strong>8</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>ازای</strong> <strong>هر</strong> <strong>آغازگر</strong> <strong>متفاوت</strong> <strong>بود. بیشترین نوارهای</strong> <strong>چند</strong> <strong>شکل</strong> <strong>مربوط</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>آغازگر </strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-10</span></strong><strong> بود. مقادیر محتوای چندشکلی (</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PIC</span></strong><strong>) </strong>&nbsp;<strong>بین 375/0</strong> <strong>تا 498/0</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>شاخص</strong> <strong>نشانگری (</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">MI</span></strong><strong>) </strong><strong>هم</strong> <strong>بین 75/18</strong> <strong>تا 84/39</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>هر</strong> <strong>آغازگر</strong> <strong>متغیر</strong> <strong>بود. بیشترین</strong> <strong>درصد</strong> <strong>چندشکلی</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>آغازگرهای </strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-4</span></strong><strong> و </strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-10</span></strong><strong> با 80 درصد </strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>کمترین درصد</strong> <strong>چندشکلی</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>آغازگرهای (</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-2+PRI-4</span></strong><strong>)، (</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-3+PRI-4</span></strong><strong>) و </strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-5</span></strong> <strong>با 50 درصد تعلق</strong> <strong>داشت. آغازگر</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-3+PRI-4</span></strong><strong>)</strong> <strong>بیشترین</strong> <strong>میزان</strong> <strong>شاخص</strong> <strong>شانون</strong> <strong>را</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>مقدار 666/0</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>آغازگر </strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-5</span></strong><strong> با 502/0</strong> <strong>کمترین</strong> <strong>را</strong> <strong>نشان</strong> <strong>دادند. بیشترین</strong> <strong>میزان</strong> <strong>تنوع</strong> <strong>ژنتیکی نی</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>آغازگر</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-3+PRI-4</span></strong><strong>) </strong><strong>با</strong> <strong>مقدار 474/0</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>کمترین</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>آغازگر</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"> PRI-5 </span></strong><strong>با</strong> <strong>مقدار</strong><strong> 336/0</strong> <strong>مشاهده</strong> <strong>شد. بیشترین</strong> <strong>تعداد</strong> <strong>آلل</strong> <strong>مؤثر</strong> <strong>برای</strong> <strong>آغازگر</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-3+PRI-4</span></strong><strong>) </strong><strong>با</strong> <strong>مقدار</strong><strong> 908/1 </strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>کمترین</strong> <strong>تعداد</strong> <strong>آلل</strong> <strong>مؤثر</strong> <strong>برای</strong> <strong>آغازگر </strong><strong><span dir="LTR">PRI-5</span></strong><strong> با</strong> <strong>مقدار</strong><strong> 584/1</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>دست</strong> <strong>آمد. تجزیه‌ی</strong> <strong>خوشه‌ای</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>روش</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"> UPGAM </span></strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>استفاده</strong> <strong>از ضریب</strong> <strong>تشابه</strong> <strong>جاکارد</strong><strong>،</strong> <strong>48 ژنوتیپ</strong> <strong>را</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>چهار</strong> <strong>گروه</strong> <strong>مجزا</strong> <strong>گروه‌بندی</strong> <strong>کرد.</strong> <strong>کمترین</strong> <strong>شباهت ژنتیکی</strong> <strong>بین</strong> <strong>ژنوتیپ‌های</strong> <strong>گروه</strong> <strong>یک</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>پنج</strong> <strong>مشاهده</strong> <strong>شد</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>این</strong> <strong>موضوع</strong> <strong>نشان‌دهنده</strong> <strong>اختلاف</strong> <strong>ژنتیکی</strong> <strong>زیاد</strong> <strong>بین</strong> <strong>دو</strong> <strong>گروه</strong> <strong>می‌باشد. لذا</strong> <strong>می‌توان</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>آن‌ها</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>صورت</strong> <strong>داشتن</strong> <strong>صفات</strong> <strong>مطلوب</strong> <strong>به‌عنوان</strong> <strong>والد</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>برنامه‌های</strong> <strong>اصلاحی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>دورگ‌گیری</strong> <strong>برای</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>دست</strong> <strong>آوردن حداکثر</strong> <strong>هتروزیس</strong> <strong>استفاده</strong> <strong>نمود.</strong></p> <p>Identification and classification of genetic source are important in plant breeding and genetic diversity. In order to evaluate genetic diversity of 48 Facultative wheat genotypes belong to north of IRAN, an experiment was done using 10 ISSR primers in the genetic laboratory of Gonbad Kavous University. Out of 62 produced fragments, 41 fragments were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic bands were different from 2 to 8 for each primer. The maximum number of polymorphic bands were related to PRI &ndash; 10. PIC value were variable between 0.375 to 0.498 and Marker index were variable between 18.75 to 39.84. The maximum percent of polymorphism with 80% were belong to PRI-4 and PRI&ndash;10, and the minimum percent of polymorphism with %50 were belong to (PRI -2 + PRI -4), (PRI -3 + PRI -4) and PRI-5. (PRI-3 + PRI-4) and PRI-5 showed maximum Shanon index with 0.666 and 0.502, respectively. The maximum and minimum Nei genetic variability were observed for (PRI-3 + PRI-4), and PRI-5 as 0.336 and 0.474 respectively. Maximum (1.908) and minimum (1.584) number of effective alleles obtained for (PRI-3 +PRI-4), and PRI-5, respectively. The 48 genotypes were grouped in four groups by using Jacard Coefficient similarity in UPGMA cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed that ISSR markers are reliable to manifest higher level polymorphism. It also showed that ISSR indicators is useful to evaluate genetic variability and breeding programs in wheat.</p> تنوع ژنتیکی, چند‌شکلی, گندم, نشانگرISSR , PIC Genetic diversity, ISSR marker, Polymorphism, PIC, Wheat 174 165 http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-97-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 علی گلی aligoli241@yahoo.com 10031947532846005219 10031947532846005219 No حسین صبوری hos.sabouri@gmail.com 10031947532846005220 10031947532846005220 Yes عیسی جرجانی eisa_jorjani@yahoo.com 10031947532846005221 10031947532846005221 No حسینعلی فلاحی hafallahi@gmail.com 10031947532846005222 10031947532846005222 No