Journal of Crop Breeding
پژوهشنامه اصلاح گیاهان زراعی
J Crop Breed
Agriculture
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir
1
admin
2228-6128
2676-4628
10.61186/jcb
fa
jalali
1402
9
1
gregorian
2023
12
1
15
48
online
1
fulltext
fa
شاخص انتخاب ژنوتیپ ایدهآل (SIIG) جهت ارزیابی تحمل به تنش خشکی برخی از ارقام آفتابگردان
Selection Index of Ideal Genotype (SIIG) in Order to Evaluate Drought Stress Tolerance in Some Sunflower Cultivars
اصلاح براي تنش هاي زنده و غيرزنده محيطي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:IRANsharp;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:9pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">مقدمه و هدف: </span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">آفتابگردان</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> (</span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Helianthus annuus </span></span></i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">L<i>.</i></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">)</span></span><i> </i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">یکی از مهمترین گیاهان دانه روغنی است و روغن</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">آ</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">ن</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بهدلیل</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">داشتن</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">اسیدهای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">چرب</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">غیراشباع</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">فراوان</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">فقدان</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">کلسترول</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">از</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">کیفیت</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بالایی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">برخوردار</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">است.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> خشکی یکی از فاکتورهای محدودکننده تولید محصولات زراعی در شرایط متغیر اقلیمی میباشد که شدت آن در آینده افزایش خواهد یافت. در این تحقیق، تحمل به خشکی تعدادی از ارقام آفتابگردان در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و از روش </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">SIIG</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> برای ادغام صفات مورد مطالعه بهمنظور انتخاب بهترین ارقام متحمل به خشکی استفاده شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:9pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">مواد و روشها:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بهمنظور</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">ارزیابی ارقام</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">متحمل</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">حساس</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">به</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">تنش</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">خشکی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">با استفاده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">از</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">شاخص تحمل (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Ti</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">)</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> برای صفات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">مورد</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">مطالعه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">شاخص</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">انتخاب</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">ژنوتیپ</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">ایدهآل (</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">SIIG</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">)</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">آزمایشی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">سال زراعی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">1401</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بهصورت جداگانه در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">دو</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">شرایط</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بدون تنش</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">تنش</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">خشکی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بر</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">روی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">ده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">رقم آفتابگردان</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">شامل</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">آذرگل، آلاستار، مستر، هایسان33، گلسا، قاسم، فرخ، شمس، گلشید و برزگر</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">قالب</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">طرح</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بلوکهای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">کامل</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">تصادفی با سه تکرار</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بهصورت مزرعهای در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">شهر ابرکوه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">اجرا</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">شد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> صفات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">عملکرد دانه،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">ارتفاع</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">بوته،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">تعداد روز</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">تا</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">رسیدگی،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">تعداد</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">دانه در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">طبق و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">وزن</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">هزار</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">دانه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">این</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">پژوهش</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">اندازهگیری شد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">.</span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"></span></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:9pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">یافتهها:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی و رقم برای تمام صفات مورد مطالعه معنیدار بود. برهمکنش تنش×رقم تنها در صفت عملکرد دانه معنیدار بود. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنیدار </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">در تمام صفات </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">گردید.</span></span> <span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">براساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین مشخص شد که ارقام فرخ، برزگر و شمس در اغلب صفات مورد بررسی بیشترین مقدار را داشت و بنابراین میتوان این ارقام را برای کشت در هر دو شرایط آزمایش پیشنهاد داد.</span></span> <span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">ارقام قاسم، فرخ و شمس بیشترین مقدار </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Ti</span></span> <span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">را برای صفات عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار</span></span> <span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">دانه و تعداد دانه در طبق داشتند. ارقام قاسم، برزگر، فرخ، شمس و گلسا بهترتیب بیشترین و ارقام آلاستار، گلشید و هایسان۳۳ بهترتیب کمترین مقدار </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">SIIG</span></span> <span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">را داشتند. براساس نتایج تجزیه خوشهای</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">،</span></span><span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> ارقام مورد مطالعه با استفاده از مقادیر </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Ti</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> صفات </span></span><span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">در دو گروه مجزا قرار گرفتند. ارقام آذرگل، برزگر، گلسا، شمس، مستر، قاسم و فرخ در گروه اول و ارقام آلستار، هایسان33 و گلشید در گروه دوم قرار گرفتند. ارقام گروه اول از نظر مقادیر شاخص </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Ti</span></span> <span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">برای صفات عملکرد دانه، وزن هزاردانه و تعداد دانه در طبق از گروه دوم و میانگین کل برتر بودند.<span style="background:yellow"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:9pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">نتیجهگیری</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">نتایج تجزیه خوشهای ارقام با استفاده از مقادیر </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Ti</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> صفات و</span></span><span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> رتبهبندی ارقام با استفاده از </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">SIIG</span></span><span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> تطابق زیادی با یکدیگر داشتند و با توجه به نتایج تجزیه خوشهای و مقادیر </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">SIIG</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> میتوان گفت که ارقام فرخ، قاسم، شمس، برزگر، </span></span><span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">آذرگل، گلسا و مستر متحمل به خشکی و ارقام آلستار، هایسان33 و گلشید حساس به خشکی میباشند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:9pt"><span style="line-height:80%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:80%"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:1;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:9pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Introduction and Objective: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus </i>L<i>.</i>)<i> </i>is one of the most important oil</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">crops and due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and lack of cholesterol, the oil benefits from a desirable quality</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span 2="" mitra=""><span style="vertical-align:baseline">.</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Drought is the most important crop production limiting factor in the changing climate scenario and its intensity is predicted to increase in future. In this research, drought tolerance of some sunflower cultivars under non-stress and drought stress conditions was studied and SIIG method was used for integrating studied traits in order to select the best drought stress tolerant cultivars.</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span 2="" mitra=""><span style="vertical-align:baseline"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:9pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Material and Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">In order to evaluate the drought and susceptible cultivars using tolerance index (Ti) for studied traits and selection index of ideal genotype (SIIG), an experiment was conducted in 2022 cropping season based on randomized complete block design with three replication under non-stress and drought stress conditions separately on 10 sunflower cultivars including Azargol, All-star, Master, Hysun33, Golsa, Ghasem, Farrokh, Shams, Golshid and Barzegar in field in Abarkouh city. Grain yield, plant height, number of days to maturity, number of seeds per head and 1000 seed weight</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> were measured in this research.</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span 2="" mitra=""><span style="vertical-align:baseline"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:9pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Results: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">The results of combined analysis of variance revealed that drought stress and cultivar had significant effect on </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">all studied traits</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">. Cultivar effect was significant in all studied traits.</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Stress × cultivar interaction was significant only in </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">grain yield</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Drought stress led to a significant decrease in </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">all studied traits</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Mean comparisons showed that Farrokh, Barzegar and Shams cultivars had the highest value in the most traits and so these cultivars were suggested for cultivation under both conditions. Ghasem, Farrokh and Shams had the highest value of Ti index for grain yield, 1000 seed weight and number of seeds per head. Ghasem, Barzegar, Farrokh, Shams and Golsa had the highest value and All-star, Golshid and Hysun33 had the lowest value of SIIG, respectively. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Cluster analysis, based on ward method and by using Eucilidian distance, classified studied cultivars using Ti index of traits into two groups. Azargol, Barzegar, Golsa, Shams, Master, Ghasem and Farrokh cultivars were placed in first </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">group and these cultivars in terms of Ti index values for grain yield, 1000 seed weight and number of seeds per head were higher than second group and whole mean. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:9pt"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="vertical-align:super"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="color:black"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline">The results of cluster analysis using Ti index of traits</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> are similar to the results of cultivar ranking based on SIIG and it can be said that Farrokh, Ghasem, Shams, Barzegar, Azargol, Golsa and Master cultivars were drought tolerant and All-star, Hysun33 and Golshid were susceptible cultivars according to cluster analysis and SIIG values.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
تجزیه خوشهای, تجزیه واریانس مرکب, دانه روغنی, شاخص تحمل, عملکرد دانه
Cluster analysis, Combined analysis of variance, Grain yield, Oil crop, Ti index
31
39
http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-595-8&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Masoud
Golestani
مسعود
گلستانی
ma_golestani@pnu.ac.ir
100319475328460022924
100319475328460022924
Yes
Payame Noor University
گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران