fa کاربرد شاخص های تحمل به خشکی برای گروه بندی ارقام و لاین‌های پیشرفته جو اصلاح براي تنش هاي زنده و غيرزنده محيطي Special پژوهشي Research <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:IRANsharp;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">مقدمه و هدف:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"> با توجه به &shy;خشکسالی های چندسال اخیر، نیاز کم محصول جو به آب وخاک غنی، نیاز کشور در تامین مواد غذایی جامعه و اهمیت جو در صنایع غذایی، لذا معرفی ژنوتیپ های پرمحصول و مقاوم به خشکی امری ضروری می باشد.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">مواد و روش‌ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"> به</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">منظور بررسی تحمل به خشکی16</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">ژنوتیپ</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">جو</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">و شناسایی ژنوتیپ های متحمل و حساس بر اساس عملکرد دانه و شاخص های تحمل به خشکی در قالب</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">طرح</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">بلوک‌های</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">کامل</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تصـادفی</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">بـا</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">چهار</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تکـرار</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">در</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">دو</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شرایط</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">دیم</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">و</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">آبیاری</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تکمیلی</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">در ایستگاه تحقیقـات کشاورزی ایلام در</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">سـال</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">زراعـی</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">1399-1400 انجام شد. پس از برداشت، عملکرد دانه اندازه‌گیری گردید. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">یافته‌ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"> نتایج</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">همبستگی بین</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شاخص‌های</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تحمل</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">به</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">خشکی و عملکرد</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">دانه</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">در</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">دو</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شرایط</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">مورد</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">آزمایش نشان</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">داد</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">که</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شاخص تحمل (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt">STI</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">)، میانگین بهره</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">وری (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt">MP</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">)، میانگین هارمونیک (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt">HM</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">) و میانگین هندسی بهره</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">وری (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt">GMP</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">)همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری با صفات عملکرد دانه در هر دو شرایط محیطی داشتند در</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">نتیجه</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">بهترین</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شاخص‌ها</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">جهت</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">گزینش</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">لاین&shy;ها</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">و</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">ارقام</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">متحمل</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">به</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تنش</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">خشکی در هردو محیط می‌باشند. با توجه به</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شاخص‌های</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">مورد مطالعه، ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 11، 9، 10 و 12 &nbsp;به</span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">&lrm;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">ترتیب</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">بعنوان</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">لاین&shy;های</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">دارای</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">بالاترین</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">میزان</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تحمل</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">به</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تنش</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">خشکی</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شناخته</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">شدند. بر اساس شاخص </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt">SIIG</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"> ژنوتیپهای 11 و 9 بالاترین مقدار را نشان دادند در حالی که ژنوتیپ‌های 3 و 4 کمترین مقدار داشتند. همچنین</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تجزیه</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">به</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">عامل&shy;ها</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">بر</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">اساس</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">روش</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تجزیه</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">به</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">مولفه‌های</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">اصلی</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">نشان</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">داد</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">که</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">دو عامل اول 5/98 درصد</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">(عامل</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">اول</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">68/7 % و</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">عامل</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">دوم</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">29/8 %) از</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">تغییرات</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">کل</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">را توجیه</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">می‌نماید. </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"> بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 9 و 11 دارای بالاترین تحمل به تنش خشکی و عملکرد بوده که مناسب کشت در مناطق تحت تنش رطوبتی می‌باشند و ژنوتیپ‌های شماره 3 و 13 مناسب کاشت در مناطق فاقد تنش رطوبتی می‌باشند.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</p> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:1;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif=""><b><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">Extended Abstract </span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif=""><b><span new="" roman="" times="">Introduction and Objective:</span></b><span new="" roman="" times=""> Due to the droughts of the last few years, the low need of barley crop to water and rich soil, the need of the country in the supply of Community Food and the importance of barley in the food industry, therefore, it is necessary to introduce high-yielding and drought-resistant genotypes.</span><b><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size:12.0pt; padding:0cm"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif=""><b><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">Material and methods</span></b><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">: The research was conducted at the Ilam Agricultural Research Station in 2020-2021. Identification of tolerant and sensitive genotypes was based on grain yield and drought tolerance indices. Accordingly, 16 barley genotypes were implemented in the form of random complete blocks with four repetitions in two conditions: dim and supplementary irrigation. After harvesting, grain yield was measured and stress tolerance indices were calculated.</span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size:12.0pt; padding:0cm"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif=""><b><span new="" roman="" times="">Results</span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" times="">:</span></span></b> <span new="" roman="" times="">The results of correlation between drought tolerance indices and grain yield in rainfed and irrigated conditions showed that tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were positively correlated, and had<br> significance with grain yield traits in both environmental conditions. So, they were suitable indicators for selecting high yielding genotypes in both rainfed and irrigated environments. </span><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">Based on SIIG index, genotypes 11 and 9 </span><span new="" roman="" times="">show the highest values, while </span><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">genotypes 3 and 4 had the lowest values. Also, factor analysis based on principle component analysis showed that the first two factors explain 98.5%(</span><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">(the first factor 68.7% and the second factor 29.8%) of the total </span><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">diversity. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif=""><b><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times="">Conclusion:</span></b><span lang="EN" new="" roman="" times=""> Based on the obtained results, genotypes No. 9 and 11 have the highest resistance to drought stress and yield, which are suitable for cultivation in areas under moisture stress, and genotypes No. 3 and 13 are suitable for planting in areas without moisture stress.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</span></span></div> تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی, تجزیه خوشه ای, جو, شاخص انتخاب ایده آل (SIIG), شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی Barley, Cluster analysis, Drought tolerance indices, Principal component analysis, Selection index of ideal genotype (SIIG) 189 200 http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1045-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 zeinab sabzi زینب سبزی z.sabzi1359@gmail.com 100319475328460022988 100319475328460022988 No Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران Arash Fazeli آرش فاضلی a.fazeli@ilam.ac.ir 100319475328460022989 100319475328460022989 Yes Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران behrouz vaezi بهروز واعظی bvaezi2009@gmail.com 100319475328460022990 100319475328460022990 No Member Staff Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasuj, Iran مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویر احمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران