دوره 11، شماره 31 - ( پاییز 1398 )
جلد 11 شماره 31 صفحات 195-185 |
برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
دانشگاه ارومیه
چکیده: (3071 مشاهده)
از مهمترین مشکلات مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، وجود تنشهای غیرزنده محیطی نظیر تنش خشکی و شوری میباشد که بر رشد و نمو گیاهان تأثیر منفی دارند. تنش شوری علاوه بر سمیت آن برای گیاه، باعث ایجاد تنش اسمزی نیز میشود. در این پژوهش، به منظور گزینش لاینهای متحمل به شوری در ژرم پلاسم آفتابگردان روغنی و با استفاده از برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در فضای آزاد و در گلدان انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان دهنده اثر معنی دار تنش شوری بر عملکرد دانه، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، غلظت عناصر Na+، K+ و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم در گیاه آفتابگردان می باشد. اثر ژنوتیپ علاوه بر صفات مذکور بر صفات فتوسنتز خالص و محتوای کلروفیل نیز معنیدار بود. میانگین صفات مورد ارزیابی به غیر از سدیم در مقایسه با شرایط نرمال کاهش یافت. در این پژوهش، بیشترین میزان کاهش مربوط به نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم (49/47 درصد)، پتاسیم (08/23 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (48/9 درصد) و کمترین میزان کاهش مربوط به محتوای کلروفیل (34/1 درصد) و محتوای نسبی آب برگ (67/2 درصد) بود. از نظر واکنش لاین های مورد بررسی در مقابل تنش شوری، ژرمپلاسم مورد مطالعه به سه گروه مجزا تفکیک گردید. مقایسه میانگین خوشههای حاصل از تجزیه خوشهای با استفاده از آزمون توکی نشان داد که در شرایط تنش شوری بیشترین و کمترین مقدار میانگین صفات به ترتیب در خوشه 2 و 3 مشاهده می شود. لاینهای خویش آمیخته نوترکیب C61، C34، C134a و C153 دارای بیشترین مقدار از لحاظ صفات مورد بررسی به ویژه محتوای +K و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم بودند. غلظت پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم در گیاه بهعنوان یکی از معیارهای مهم برای تعیین تحمل به شوری است؛ بنابراین این لاین ها بالقوه به عنوان لاین های متحمل به تنش شوری معرفی می شوند.
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي |
موضوع مقاله:
اصلاح براي تنش هاي زنده و غيرزنده محيطي
دریافت: 1396/10/19 | ویرایش نهایی: 1398/10/8 | پذیرش: 1397/7/8 | انتشار: 1398/9/13
دریافت: 1396/10/19 | ویرایش نهایی: 1398/10/8 | پذیرش: 1397/7/8 | انتشار: 1398/9/13
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