دوره 11، شماره 30 - ( تابستان 1398 )                   جلد 11 شماره 30 صفحات 22-11 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


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 به ­منظور بررسی واکنش ژنوتیپ­های نخود به تنش خشکی از نظر شاخص­های فیزیولوژیکی و تغییرات بیوشیمیایی ایجاد شده، آزمایشی بر روی پنج ژنوتیپ نخود در سه سطح تنش 100 (شاهد)، 65 و 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی در دو دوره­­ی 7 و 14 روز پس از اعمال تنش (4 تا 6 برگی)، به ­صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات در زمان در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در سال 1392 صورت گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ­ها، سطوح تنش، مدت زمان تنش و برهمکنش آن­ها اختلاف معنی­ داری وجود داشت. تنش خشکی به ­طور معنی­ داری باعث کاهش محتوای آب نسبی و افزایش مقدار نشت الکترولیت گردید. میزان نشت الکترولیت در شرایط تنش خشکی در ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به خشکی معمولا کم­تر از ژنوتیپ­های حساس است که ژنوتیپ­های 998 و 606 از این نظر مقاوم و ژنوتیپ 357 ژنوتیپی حساس بود. افزایش مدت زمان تنش میزان فعالیت آنزیم­ها را کاهش داد. فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز با افزایش شدت تنش در هر دو دوره افزایش یافت، ولی فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز با افزایش شدت تنش کاهش یافت. فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز در هر دو دوره با بیشتر شدن شدت تنش تا سطح 65 درصد ظرفیت زراعی افزایش یافت ولی در سطح تنش 30 درصد فعالیت آنزیم نسبت به سطح تنش 65 درصد کاهش یافت. اما پاسخ همه ژنوتیپ­ها یکسان نبود و برخی از ژنوتیپ­ها روند افزایشی داشتند. ژنوتیپ 606 و 998 از لحاظ آنزیم­های کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در شرایط تنش فعالیت بیش­تر و ژنوتیپ 357 فعالیت کم­تری داشتند. از لحاظ فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز ژنوتیپ 236 و 357 به ترتیب بیش­ترین و کم­ترین فعالیت را داشتند. در شرایط تنش خشکی فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی اکسیدانی در گیاهان متحمل بیش از گیاهان حساس است. با توجه به این­که فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در ژنوتیپ­های 606 و 998 دارای بیش­ترین میزان بود بنابراین به ­عنوان ژنوتیپ­های متحمل به خشکی، و ژنوتیپ 357 که دارای کم­ترین میزان فعالیت آنزیمی بود به ­عنوان ژنوتیپ حساس به خشکی در این آزمایش معرفی شد. البته واکنش گیاهان به تنش­ خشکی  بسته به شدت و مدت تنش، نوع گیاه و مرحله رشدی آن به طور قابل ملاحظه ­ای متفاوت می­باشد. 
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نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: اصلاح نباتات
دریافت: 1396/9/19 | ویرایش نهایی: 1398/6/9 | پذیرش: 1397/7/2 | انتشار: 1398/6/20

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