دوره 15، شماره 45 - ( بهار 1402 )                   جلد 15 شماره 45 صفحات 104-83 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


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Bordbar M, Darvishzadeh R, Pazhouhandeh M. (2023). Molecular Techniques for Plants Gene Expression Analysis at the Transcriptomics Level. J Crop Breed. 15(45), 83-104. doi:10.61186/jcb.15.45.83
URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1365-fa.html
بردبار مونا، درویش زاده رضا، پژوهنده مقصود. روش های مولکولی تجزیه و تحلیل بیان ژن در گیاهان در سطح ترنسکریپتوم پژوهشنامه اصلاح گیاهان زراعی 1402; 15 (45) :104-83 10.61186/jcb.15.45.83

URL: http://jcb.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1365-fa.html


1- ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
2- دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3- گروه بیوتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
چکیده:   (1921 مشاهده)
چکیده مبسوط
مقدمه و هدف: تنش ­های محیطی از قبیل تنش خشکی، شوری، سرما و گرما به ­عنوان یکی از پیامدهای تغییر اقلیم از عوامل عمده کاهش در محصولات کشاورزی هستند. بررسی­ بیان ژن­ ها (مطالعات ترنسکریپتومیک) نقش اساسی در درک سازوکار گیاهان در مقابله با تنش­ های محیطی دارند. بیان ژن فرآیندی است که طی آن اطلاعات رمزگذاری شده در ژن به‌صورت رونوشت (Transcript) تهیه می ­شود که غالب اوقات خود رونوشت یا محصول پروتئینی آن در فرایندها و مکانیسم­های مختلف مولکولی در سلول و نهایتاً حیات ارگانیسم درگیر می شود. ارزیابی سطح بیان ژن گام مهمی در جهت روشن نمودن عملکردهای ژنی به لحاظ زمانی و مکانی است.
مواد و روش­ ها: مقاله حاضر یک مقاله مروری می­ باشد که به شیوه تحلیل محتوا (Content analysis) با جستجوی کلید واژه­های تجزیه ترنسکریپتوم، توالی­یابی آر­ان­ای، هیبریداسیون کاهشی بازدارنده، ریزآرایه، واکنش زنجیره­ای پلی­مراز در مقاله­های مرتبط در پایگاه­های اینترنتیGoogle Scholar ،Web of Science ،PubMed و Scopus بدست آمده است.
یافته­ ها: دهه­ ها پیش، مطالعات بر روی ژن‌ها به‌صورت محدود و عمدتاً به روش­ هایی از قبیل نوردرن بلات، وسترن بلات، هیبریداسیون ریزآرایه، هیبریداسیون کاهشی (Subtractive hybridization)، هیبریداسیون حذفی کاهشی (Suppression subtractive hybridization)، واکنش زنجیره­ای پلی­مراز در زمان واقعی (Real time polymerase chain reaction) متمرکز بود، در حالی که اکنون محققان قادر به بررسی یک­باره ژنوم از طریق روش ­های مبتنی بر توالی­ یابی (Sequencing based approaches) شامل روش توالی­ یابی RNA هستند. ارتقاء سطح توانمندی به معرفی رویکردهای سیستم بیولوژی کمک می­کند که به موجب آن شبکه­ های عملکردی سلول را می­ توان در تمامیت آنها موشکافی کرد تا اجزای بالقوه فعل و انفعالات عملکردی روشن شود. ظهور زیست­ شناسی سیستم ­ها همراه با پیشرفت ­های شگرف در فناوری­ امکان شناسایی سریع همه رونوشت­ های RNA موجود در نمونه ­های بیولوژیکی مورد مطالعه را فراهم می ­نمایند. با این وجود، فناوری­ های قبلی که محدود به بررسی ژن­ های منفرد یا زیرمجموعه ­ای از ژن ­­ها بودند، هنوز جایگاه خود را در آزمایشگاه ­های تحقیقاتی حفظ کرده ­اند.
نتیجه­ گیری: هدف در اینجا تشریح انواع روش ­های مورد استفاده در تجزیه و تحلیل بیان ژن در پاسخ گیاهان به تنش ­های زنده و غیرزنده است. انتخاب روش و یا استراتژی مورد استفاده بسته به سطح فناوری، هزینه اجرا و محدودیت روش ­ها انجام می­ شود. هنگام انتخاب روشی برای یک تحقیق خاص، باید در نظر داشت که محدودیت ­ها از نظر روش شناختی یا آماری به حداقل برسند تا نتایج قابل اعتماد و تکرارپذیر حاصل شود.

 
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نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: اصلاح نباتات مولكولي
دریافت: 1401/1/28 | پذیرش: 1401/5/11

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