دوره 11، شماره 32 - ( زمستان 1398 )                   جلد 11 شماره 32 صفحات 99-88 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


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استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران
چکیده:   (2504 مشاهده)
     تنش خشکی مهم‌ترین تنش محیطی است که بسیاری از صفات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بخصوص عملکردی گیاهان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. در این پژوهش تلاقی بین رقم گندم Gasspard (والد حساس به کم‌آبی) و لاین DN11 (والد مقاوم به خشکی) انجام شد. نسل‌های F1، F2، F3، BC1 و BC2 حاصل به­همراه والدین در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی در شرایط آبیاری عادی و تنش کمبود آب انتهای فصل هرکدام در سه تکرار و طی دو سال متوالی کشت و مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. سپس با استفاده از روش‌های تجزیه میانگین و تجزیه واریانس نسل‌ها به بررسی پارامترهای ژنتیکی در دو شرایط معمولی و تنش کمبود آب انتهای فصل پرداخته شد. تجزیه واریانس وزنی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده نشان داد که تنش کمبود آب تاثیر معنی‌داری در کاهش وزن 100 دانه، وزن حجمی و عملکرد دانه تک بوته داشت. نتایج تجزیه میانگین نسل ­ها برای صفات وزن 100 دانه و وزن حجمی در دو محیط یکسان بود و مدل ­های رگرسیونی یکسانی برای دو محیط به ­دست آمد. علاوه بر اثرات افزایشی و غالبیت، اثرات متقابل اپیستازی نیز در وراثت کلیه صفات مورد بررسی نقش داشتند. برای عملکرد تک بوته، اثرات افزایشی و غالبیت همراه با اثرات متقابل افزایشی× غالبیت، غالبیت × غالبیت و برای عملکرد بیولوژیکی اثرات غالبیت و غالبیت× غالبیت در توارث نقش بیشتری داشتند. تجزیه واریانس نسل‌ها نشان داد که عمل ژن برای صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن 100 دانه (هر دو شرایط)، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله و تعداد دانه در سنبله افزایشی بود­. برای صفات تعداد سنبله، عملکرد دانه تک بوته، غالبیت و برای صفت وزن حجمی (هر دو شرایط) فوق غالبیت مشاهده شد. نتایج دو تجزیه میانگین و واریانس نسل­ ها در صفاتی مانند عملکرد بیولوژیک یکسان نبود که می­توان آن را به درجه پراکندگی ژنی و غالبیت دو جهته نسبت داد. در صفات شاخص برداشت و عملکرد دانه، به ­دلیل بالا بودن واریانس محیطی وراثت‌پذیری­ های عمومی و خصوصی پایین برآورد شد.
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نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: اصلاح براي تنش هاي زنده و غيرزنده محيطي
دریافت: 1397/12/5 | ویرایش نهایی: 1398/11/14 | پذیرش: 1398/4/19 | انتشار: 1398/10/23

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